Flexible Learning Essay Example for Free

Flexible Learning EssayEducation is a in general debated topic, now there is a new concept emerging, fictile scholarship. This essay go forth discuss what is unders in any cased by this term and how it could affect the mode of the future in fostering. Furthermore it bequeath discuss how supple learn has engaged technology and how it has made education more price of admissionible and equit suitable. Next it will demonstrate how individual students provoke benefited through the use of technology with flexible learning, and how students ar able to be the central focus of their own education. Technology brings with it numerous advantages for the future of education, however not without some setbacks, this essay will too discuss these. This essay will argue that because of the increasing accessibility and improvements in technology, flexible learning should be the way of the future in education. Flexible learning is quickly becoming the way of the future for education, as it engages and implements the use of sophisticated technology. harmonize to George and Luke (cited in Andrews Ferman 2001) flexible learning is a multi-directional approach to learning using different methods of delivery.On the other hand, Nunan (cited in Andrews Ferman 2001, p. 2) considers that flexible delivery is frequently taken to mean the same thing as increasing flexibility in learning. Summarising Harmes (2010) explains flexible learning engages technology, allowing the use of the internet, e-mail, and other digital interactive technology. It alike allows the student to promiscuously access online lectures and study material and more importantly it enables instructors to position the student as the central focus of the learning experience.This can be seen at universities including the relatively new University of Queensland campus at Ipswich who be using technology to promote flexible learning. It was in fact the purpose built with this in read/write head and in cluded computer rooms, a self-directed learning centre and even wireless laptops (AndrewsFerman 2001). Another example of flexible learning is discussed by Huijser, Bedford and Bull (2008) who quarter the Tertiary Preparation Program (TPP) this is a course which is accessed online and on-campus.TPP students can engage in online lectures, Wimba classrooms and forums, study material can also be submitted online and feedback returned to student, again online. use technology students have engaged in flexible learning all over Australia, including international students. Furthermore TPP is currently funded by the government making it free this allows students to prepare for higher study prior to investment. The outcome of this should be a higher intake of fee paying students, which in turn should lead to increase government funding for universities.Flexible learning through technology has made education more accessible and therefore equitable. Harmes (2010) discusses how the internet h as increased the number of students to able to study degrees through online study material and lectures. As a result of technological advances the world has become a global village and students can enrol in a global classroom. Worldwide opportunities using technology and flexible learning should be funded locally (Zhao 2009).Ultimately this will enable there to be proximity through distance, and will allow students to study any term and anywhere, thus making education more equitable explains Harmes (2010). There are students from as far away(predicate) as remote Western Australia studying through the University of Southern Queensland (USQ). They are able to access all the lectures and tutorials online, and USQ plans to offer many more academic programs online by 2012 (The Chronicle 2009). Technology is the tool used to provide a facility for a teacher facilitated, pupil centred environment (Bonanno, 2005).It is only through the many improvements and advances in technology that ed ucation has been so accessible and with it flexible learning has been implemented. Flexible learning has made education more accessible because, study is teacher facilitated and enables the student to be positioned as the central focus of education. According to Harmes there are many benefits of flexible learning, students are able to access their study any time they like, and this means that they are able to co-ordinate study around work and family life.The flexibility that technology provides has enabled students to study at their own pace (Andrews Ferman, 2001). Additionally students have a sense of freedom with their study, slotting it in whenever they please. Knowles (cited in Choy and Delahaye 2002) researched how adult learners are more likely to be motivated and experienced in life, and that they are sterilize to embrace learning with deeper appreciation and understanding. Knowles (1973) continues by discussing how this self-driven learning is assisted through flexible deli very and how students benefit from a mature independent approach to education with the option for teacher help when needed.As a result of this Bonanno suggests that with good self-discipline and time management students are able to have freedom and access to study anytime and place, thus enabling many styles of learning. Technology has increased the flexibility that students have, thus allowing greater access to education. Despite the fact that education has embraced technology, there are still some problems which must be resolved. According to Ralston (1999) it appears that although many have embraced technology for learning, there are still many who are either too afraid to or do not have the skills and confidence to do so.Furthermore he suggests that that those who do not attempt to engage technology will be severely disadvantaged, because the twenty-first century is the age of technology. Andrews and Ferman (2000) noted on their study of the University of Queensland, -Ipswich ca mpus that many students found the course material limited, that there was a need of structure, and there were also a significant number of technical difficulties.Additionally Bonanno (2005) discusses some of the disadvantages of technology and states that the learner can easily lose motivation partially due to a lack of classroom spirit and teacher facilitated learning. Technology can be out of date or difficult to understand and often it can be confusing and sometimes it can just be that there is no technical support available. Bonannos (2005) comments that many problems occurring are learner related and that in order to be successful the learner must be self-motivated and have a reasonable degree of self-competency.She also comments that the facilitator or teacher must be motivated as well and be able to produce engaging study material for the student to work with they must also be able to direct, listen and support students. Despite some complications, changes in technology help to make sure education is more accessible and equitable. Universities are able to capture larger numbers of students enabling more funding from the government. Students are able to be in control of their own education bridle-path and are able to be flexible about when and where they choose to study.Students can also choose to study gregariously in online classrooms and even traditional classrooms. knobbed areas will in time be improved as technology upgrades on a daily basis including faster internet options. With this evolving technology states knowledge and experience will increase and in time student numbers and study options will grow. It is realistic that flexible learning will be and indeed should be the way of the future in education and that there will be a worldwide classroom.References Andrews, T Ferman, T 2001, The flexible learning experience how good is it really? in L Richardson J Lidstone (eds), Flexible learning for a flexible society, pp. 39-45. Proceedings of ASET-HERDSA 2000 Conference, Toowoomba, Qld, 2-5 July 2000. ASET and HERDSA http//www. aset. org. au/confs/aset-herdsa2000/procs/andrews-t. html. Bonanno, K 2005, Online learning the good the bad and the ugly, Proceedings of the XIX Biennial Conference Meeting the Challenge, Australian School Library Association, Zillmere, QLD, pp.1-7 Choy, SC Delahaye, BL 2002, Andragogy in vocational education and education learners perspective, Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference, Australian Vocational Education and Training Research Association (AVETRA), Melbourne, VIC University of Southern Queensland 2009, University offers online options to its students, The Chronicle, 10 Jul, p. 41. Collis, B Moonen, J 2002, Flexible learning in a digital world experiences and expectations, Kogan Page, London, UK, pp. 8-10,17,26-27.Harmes, M 2011,TPP7120 Studying to succeed ,Appendix 3Flexible and Blended Learning, University of Southern Queensland,Toowoomba,viewed 25 September 2011,http//usqs tudydesk. usq. au/ Huijser, H, Bedford, T Bull, D 2008, OpenCourseWare global access and the right to education real access or marketing ploy? , International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1-13. Ralston, P 1999, Education for IT equity, The Australian, 12 Jan, p. 44. Zhao, Y 2009, Catching up or leading the way American education in the age of globalization, ASCD, Alexandria, VA, pp. 98-113.

Post Civil War South Essay Example for Free

Post Civil War South EssayAfter the war, the South was devastated and it was divergence to take a lot of money and a lot of rebuilding for it to be self-sufficient again. It financially and architecturally succeeded in reinventing itself and in the thirty atomic number 23 years following the war, Southern iron, steel and textile industries emerged, with Railroads leading the Souths industrial expansion. The Southern economy grew and prospered, although it could neer quite compete with the northwestward in innovations or wages.Now that there were almost 4 million freed slaves living in the South and a huge population of poor sporty people, there was plenty of cheap labor and business owners took full advantage of the fact. What kept the South from a strong Industrial development was the inability of the face cloth men to work alongside the freed slaves. Attitudes toward the freed slaves had not changed and were getting progressively worse. discolour Southerners were barre d from working in industrial jobs and only a small role of White Southerners were employed in these jobs, therefore expansion could not take place.The South started on the right course and for a period of time it looked care the New South had risen but hatred towards the Black Southerners was the industrial development downfall with The South still strongly depending on agriculture as the economy stabilizer. Supposedly, the New South was based on rich natural resources, economic opportunity and increased racial equality, but after the North upstage military control in the South in 1877, the Southern White Democrats went to work at changing their states constitutions and establishing legal barriers that kept the Black Southerners from voting.By 1913 bracing laws had been enacted, known as the Jim Crow laws, the made it unlawful for Black Southerners to comingle with White Southerners everywhere. Violence and Intimidation was the face of the New South now as Black Southerners and W hite Southerners competed for the same jobs. Lynchings, beatings, false imprisonment and raping of the Black Southern women was all the freed slaves had to look forward to now, some of the same treatment m both had to jut as slaves.Racial Segregation was fully embraced by the White Southerners and lthough the slaves had been freed, the South had completely failed in their quest for racial equality being a narrow of the New South. http//www. civilwaracademy. com/reconstruction. html How did the culture of the Plains Indians, specifically the Lakota Sioux, change in the former(a) 19th century? The Lakota common people first acquired horses in the 1700s and it changed their way of invigoration as they knew it. Over the next 200 years, they saw even more significant changes, but none of them good.Their original warfare between other tribes was never to acquire lands or control people but to obtain more horses, as the Lakota directly equated honor with the number of horses they had. T heir warfare strategy changed as the white man encroached on their territory, threatened their buffalo and pushed them out of their lands. To them, their way of life was changing and the attitude became that of kill or be killed, protecting family and possessions at any cost.Buffalo was a major source of food, shelter and material items that the Lakota relied heavily on to sustain them. As the White man encroached on the Lakota Territory, they felt that if they eradicated the Buffalo, the Lakota Tribe would be easier to manage and beat down. With the Government policy in the mid 1860s being that of confining all Indians to reservations, the Establishment of the Great Sioux reserve by dint of the 1868 Fort Laramie Treaty was proposed. This would drastically change their way of life and make them dependent upon the government to survive.The accordance proposed the following * Set aside a 25 million acre tract of land for the Lakota and Dakota encompassing all the land in South Dako ta west of the Missouri River, to be known as the Great Sioux Reservation * Permit the Dakota and Lakota to hunt in areas of Nebraska, Wyoming, Montana, and North Dakota until the buffalo were gone * Provide for an agency, grist mill, and schools to be located on the Great Sioux Reservation * Provide for land allotments to be made to individual Indians and provide clothing, blankets, and rations of food to be distributed to all Dakotas and Lakotas living within the bounds of the Great Sioux Reservation.The majority of the Lakota males did not sign this treaty and since the government did not go on their end of the bargain and broke treaty many times as it suited them, numerous battles were fought while they tried to keep their independence. Eventually the Lakota tried to live on the reservation and by the governments guidelines, but without horses or guns, they could not hunt and the rations promised to them were either always late or didnt show up at all. The Lakota were encourage d towards self-sufficiency by imposed farming, and the government did everything it could to civilize the Tribe by making them gear up in American traditional clothing and outlawing their rituals and ceremonies.

McDonalds Business Process Management

McDonalds Business Process ManagementTo achieve the favorable exit from the customers McDonalds has gradually expanded the configuration of fodder and drinks furnishd from the original offering of burgers, drinks and fries to include break unbendable, sandwiches and salad. Furthermore, to being sold as individual degrees, many of the products argon case into special offers, listed as Extra value Meals. For example a big Mac is consists on the Big Mac Meal, a drink and a voice of fries unity panel exhorts customers to make it large- rent large fries and a large soft drink with Extra value meal. To increase the business of the family some special promotion items like ribs and Mexican chicken be also added from time to time.When the customer reaches the front of the queue of the restaurant and asked for his/her food, the counter person employs two selling techniques. The first technique is known as selling up, which involves augmenting the order, by either suggesting a larg er portion or an additional item such as a drink. The technique is called suggestive selling. Here an order for a Big Mac and medium fries would be greeted by suggesting to a customer the nearest Extra value Meal alternative that would cost a little more than the original order but give stop general value. Suggestive selling aims to increase as the alternative offered includes additional items, such as drink or fries.The counter person delivered the order in to the till. for the standard items like Big Mac, chicken nuggets, cheeseburger, quarter pounder with cheese, Hamburger, vegetable Deluxe, Quorn premiere, Grilled chicken sandwich, the food would be available in the bins in the ware area. The counter person then picks the food in a set sequence like cold drinks, hot drinks, fries, boxed burgers, wrapped burgers etc.McDonalds becomes the lucky to achieve the positive impact from the customers because of its food quality, the hygiene standards of its outlets and the speed and style of service. Processes are designed to build in quality and then standardised bon ton requirements complement and exceed legal minima training focuses on customer safety inspections book place at critical points traceability allows rapid response to problems and all aspects are continually re ciphered with an eye to advancement. These are the marks of excellence. flavour policies also link with others related to the environment and being a good corporate citizen.TrainingTo litigate the goals and objectives of the company, McDonalds give the first priority on staff training. McDonalds realises that its employees must understand their duties in order to fulfil the goals of the company. To ensure that all employees properly perform their appoint duties, McDonalds invests greatly in their training plan. The Company continue to receive prestigious awards for their leading, edge training. Including the employer of choice Award from the restaurant Business Magazine, new crew particle go through a careful orientation process consisting of several videos, followed by several day clock of direct one-on one training by a trainer.To improve the made for you system, McDonalds presently introduced a strategy known as shift in to over drive and this strategy focuses on helping shift managers work more efficiently. All McDonalds restaurants are required to send at least one manager to participate in the new training programme (Philips, Kenney). This training focuses on the human aspects of made for you, this ensure that the system is being used as design. Since the new system requires perfect work from several people, the spotless team must work together for the system to work quickly to provide food to customers.Level of StrategyCorporate Corporate strategy concerns decisions by the business as a whole in terms of the sectors in which it wishes to compete. At this level, companies decide where to invest or divest in terms of the overall business mix they wis h to develop today and in the futur.The corporate strategy of McDonalds is a single business strategy because it deals in the restaurant business.Quality management McDonalds company integrates different quality management factors in its business process. To ensure quality McDonalds apply different strategies which include speed measurements, the five Ps (People, Product, Price, Place and promotion), employee training etc. The mission of the McDonalds Company consists of delivering operational excellence. At the heart of its effort to increase sales and profits lie policies on food and service quality designed to make the firm stand out from its competitors. While the big McDonalds is not to every ones taste, the company was cited by Fortune as the worlds most well-liked food service company. It aims for zero defects, which are to serve hot, brisk, testy food of good value to customers at every time. Nearly 45 million customers visit to the 28,000 restaurants every day.McDonalds s ets exacting requirements for quality and safety. It will only use essentials whose source can be traced and which satisfy all regulations. To verify the supply stove Quality assurance staff carries out audits and site visits in different time. They also cooperate with suppliers to improve the quality of product. For instance, lard was replaced by vegetable oil colour in buns, fat levels in sauces were cut and saturated fats in the cooking oil were reduced.To circulate its commitment to quality among its 4,000 suppliers, the company introduced the Sweeney award in 1990. sound judgement takes place every two years. Criteria are based on those used for the Aldrige Award. The 2000 winner, sunny foods (Thailand), supplies chicken products to more than 200 outlets in Hong Kong.Standardisation of the product variety plays the vital role to assure quality of different items. Staff training is simplified by the limited range and process development, including the provision of computer c ontrolled cooking facilities. To ensure cooking regularity Chicken Mc Nuggets are shaped into uniform sizes from breast and thigh meat. Like all meat chicken are traceable, in this case to their grandparents. Their food and water, medication and litter are also traceable to source. Fish products use cod whose origins can be matched to the vessel and day of catch. Boning is a matter great concern and 23 checks occur during fish product manufacture. Mc Donalds prefers to use free range eggs in the linked Kingdom.Food quality and safety policies are closely linked to concerns for the environment. Pressed to improve its wasteful practices in food packaging and serving, the company works on reducing its use of materials and energy. Operations, purchasing and training policies all include a strong theme of waste reduction including distribution in reusable containers, victimisation recyclable packaging and installing heating and lighting controls.Quality management tools and techniques to improve operationsThe quality of the services and products provided by a business is an all-important(prenominal) concern to the company and its customers. While the cost of quality calamities can be high in themselves, customers confidence in the level of quality will have a significant impact on a companys overall prosperity in terms of future levels of demand and the long term success of the business. Employees of McDonalds are well trained to prepare and present meals according to very specific procedures that are strictly enforced. For eg., a ten-minute holding time for sandwiches ensures maximum quality and incrustation to each customer. McDonalds even designs our restaurants to meet the ultimate in hygiene specifications , including hand-washing procedures. Likewise, staffs of McDonalds are also trained to maintain the even out procedures, food quality and safety, especially in the preparation and handling of raw and cooked products.Four key points for the quality manag ement of McDonalds are given belowMeet customer requirements The core of quality ossificationError-free work Only on standard to aim for- to be right first time every time.Manage by prevention Adopting a proactive approach to managing quality leads to prevention rather than the detection of faulty work.Measure by the cost of quality The key measure is the cost of doing business doing things right the first time reduces cost in the task of meeting customers needs and expectations.Measuring performance of operations systemMcDonalds claims that the quality of its products has indeed improved, waiting times in the restaurants have an average of 2 to 3 minutes per order, slow lane performance in the cut-throat fast-food business. McDonalds is also trying to improve its image and personality through involvement and sustained investment in projects like sports coaching and its commitment to social responsibility. In the case of operations strategy McDonalds Company take a resources view . McDonalds work in almost every significant economy of the world, but maintain practically the same format for operations. Numbers of McDonalds restaurant in UK are growing rapidly.McDonalds drives 80 percent of its revenues from eight countries like UK, Japan, Canada, France,Germany, Brazil, US and Australia.Technological, Structural and Financial resources are the best market positions which help for sustainable free-enterprise(a) advantages. The Company started to focus on its greatest advantages after 2003. The given graph shows the rate of McDonalds restaurant growth in the UK.McDonalds is famous for its lean operations to provide capacity, tight portion control and fast service. But the drive to reduce cost is not only limited to its core tasks. By analysing electricity costs on a half-hourly basis, reviewing this provision and pro activity seeking alternative suppliers, McDonalds has cut 14 million from its 18 million electricity hooter for England and Wales. A separate de al for Scotland has lead to saving of more than 30 percent (www.mcdonalds.com).McDonalds 600-plus suppliers are independent Companies with whom long-term relationships have been developed. This strategy is intended to improve McDonalds ability to focus its efforts on its core business- restaurant operations. Most suppliers operate on a cost-plus basis. To discuss the needs of suppliers McDonalds often holds seminars and conferencesConclusionMcDonalds posses good information about market and knows a great deal about the common attributes of its most valued customers. There is high rate of franchising in fast food industry, so this sector is supposed to be one of the most challenging sectors to operate in. McDonalds is trying to get good will from the customers by providing hot, fresh and testy fast food of good value to customers on every occasion. McDonalds uses four terms for their operational missions which are quality, cleanliness, service and value.Mc Donalds take a resources vi ew of their operations strategy. They work in almost every significant economy of the world, but maintain virtually the same format for operatons. McDonalds has expanded to become one of the worlds best known brands, with leading share of the branded quick service restaurant industry.RecommendationsFrom the above study and conclusion, I would like to suggest some recommendations for the improvement and to increase the business of McDonalds Company.Most of the staffs working in the McDonalds company are under 21 years of ageThe waiting time for customers is 90 seconds which is targeted by McDonalds Company, but many people are waiting for long time in the queue for their meals in busy time, so McDonalds should do the management in it.For the internal improvement of the Company, McDonalds should collect external information from its customers to find out good performance and weakness of the Company.

Image Analysis of Cleopatra

Image Analysis of CleopatraThis news report analyses non-literary sources in cost of what information they outhouse provide ab discover Cleopatra, including visual see to its, analyses of numismatic evidence, and analysis of inscriptions. The paper relies on six main sources Austins The Hellenistic world from Alexander to the Roman conquest. A selection of ancient sources in translation Goudchauxs 2001 strain entitled Cleopatras subtle religious strategy, found in Higgs and Walkers Cleopatra of Egypt from chronicle to myth, which is also a source Holbls narration of the Ptolemaic Empire Howgegos Ancient history from coins (approaching the ancient world) and Pollitts Art in the Hellenistic Age. From these sources, images of Cleopatra, from sculptures, pottery, mosaics and neologism, amongst others, argon discussed, and their relevance to Cleopatras image are analysed and discussed.As Howgego (1995) argues, coins pee far more than monetary value, they can be important in for mation reason and military force structures, in terms of administration and in terms of imperialism, recognising, however, that is difficult to describe ancient policy-making and effect structures in modern terms, as they were so very different from the structures that are approximately at the moment, and, as such, describing such structures in terms of modern definitions can often itself lead to misunderstandings and flaws in research undertaken. The vast majority of coins that are known, for example, evidence Cleopatra as a Hellenic ruler, although she was, of course, the last Queen of Egypt. This attests to the fact that Cleopatra was a considerable manipulator, and that, indeed, she manipulated her image whilst alive in order to retain power, in politics, and everyplace people. Portraying herself in Hellenistic images all(prenominal)owed Cleopatra to show to her people that she was non only ruler of Egypt, and, through her control of Alexandria, ruler of all of the H ellenistic world.As Goudchaux points out in his 2001 essay Cleopatras subtle religious strategy, Cleopatra was a Ptolemy who spoke Egyptian. She had claim to Egyptian territory, through her family, and also to Hellenistic lands, as contemporary coinage suggest. Cleopatra therefore had political and territorial control of many lands, and also moved freely between many cultures, accepted as she was in Egypt and across the Hellenistic world. Goudchaux (2001) argues that she was an innovative ruler, and most definitely a product of her familys power and history.In this essay, Goudchaux (2001) makes the point strongly that Cleopatra precious to understand Egyptian concepts of theology as she realised that religion was one of the bonds which united the Egyptian people and which created a bond with the land, in terms of people having a focal point in the temples, all of which were dedicated to Egyptian gods. As such, Cleopatra was aware that, in some respects, by controlling religion, she would control the Egyptian people. Priests, Cleopatra realised, were the highest peak of Egyptian society, with priests commanding great respect and holding society together. Cleopatra realised this, realised the power of religion in Egyptian society, and it is known that Cleopatra herself held great respect for Egyptian priests and did everything she could to understand Egyptian religion, in terms of honoring priests close to her and ensuring that they followed her rule. This she then used to form bonds with Roman generals, for example, Caesar, and, indeed, Cleopatra built a temple in Rome when she visited Caesar. Romans found Egyptian style to be in vogue at some point in their history, but as Cleopatra would later realise, this was a fleeting fashion, which soon degenerate out of favour with the majority of Roman rulers. Cleopatra, therefore, as Goudchaux (2001) makes clear, was a shrwed politician, who knew what needed to be done, and when, in order to keep abreast of shiftin g power struggles, and to keep hold of her territory, which many people wanted (including the Roman generals).Cleopatras highly political character, in which she used her connections with many cultures (Ptolomeic to Egyptian to Roman to Hellenistic) to achieve her political aims, according to the needs of her kingdom as she saw them, itself led to many images of Cleopatra being produced. We have images of Cleopatra looking Egyptian, and images of Cleopatra looking Egyptian but with some Grecian features, for example. All of these images are useful in that they allow pieces to be dated accurately, according to Cleopatras known movements and interactions with other rulers.As Goudchaux (2001) argues, as we have seen, Cleopatra was s salubrious aware of the power of imagery, and she used imagery as a political tool, in terms of ensuring her self-presentation was faultless in order to achieve her political aims. As Walker (2001) argues, in his essay in Higgs and Walker (2001), Cleopatr a was a master manipulator, allowing images of herself to be created as the need arose, such that we have images of Cleopatra that are Egyptian in origin, such as Egyptian reliefs, which show Cleopatra as regal, and all powerful. We also have Roman images of Cleopatra, which, whilst on the face of it seem not to be flattering, as they show Cleopatra as womanly and in almost pornographic positions, but, understood in the context of Roman society at that time, are actually a compliment to her womanliness, and a way of presenting Cleopatra to the Romans in a way which would be appreciated by this society. Other images of Cleopatra, from coins, for example, show Cleopatra with very strong features, not at all beautiful as is normally supposed, and are thought to be a reflection, a re-take on the portraiture of her father, Ptolemy XII, as a way of recalling her stemma to her people. Imagery of Cleopatra is thus both complex and complicated, and in order to understand Cleopatrian imagery , one needs to read this imagery in the context of the time at which it was made, and what political happenings were occurring at the time of the image being made.Higgs and Walker (2001) analysed nearly four hundred artefacts relating to Cleopatra and her life, in an attempt to understand Cleopatras iconography. The book, which is essentially a catalogue of the British Museum exhibition of the same name, includes many new images of Cleopatra, including some papyrus bearing her signature which was recently discovered, has caused as much sensation as the exhibition, with many ancient scholars arguing a consumest the book, that it does not contain sufficiently in-depth research, and that the research it does contain is not high quality.This caveat aside, the edited book contains many elicit essays, amongst them Higgs Searching for Cleopatras image classical portraits in stone which makes it clear that it is, actually, extremely difficult to identify Cleopatra in ancient sculptures, in particular, because, as we have seen, Cleopatra was a master manipulator of her image, and as such, there are many different kinds of images of Cleopatra, and then, on top of this, because of the artistic licence that many artists took when defining Cleopatra in their work. Higgs picks out some of what he considers to be essential features of any image of Cleopatra, including snakes, hairstyles and heads which are separated from the body (representing, bizarrely, power), and shows that these features can be used, generally, to identify images of Cleopatra.Goudchauxs essay in this volume, as we have seen, is extremely useful in coming to some understanding of the imagery of Cleopatra, in terms of her religious beliefs and her use of religion to gain, and maintain, political power, but it is also useful in showing how subjective analyses of images of Cleopatra can be, and how maleable these images are, in that one person can look at an image of Cleopatra, on a coin for example, and f ind it beautiful, whereas another person can look at that very same image and find not yellowish pink, but plain regalness, for example. As Goudchaux states, the fact that many of Cleopatras coins were made not from gold but from silver alloys, means that some of these coins have not survived well and that, because of this decay, they can provide distorted images of Cleopatra, simply by virtue of their damaged condition1. This degradation of imagery also needs to be taken in to account, Goudchaux argues, when assessing the power and purpose of images of Cleopatra, and the information that can be gained from such images and imagery.This analysis of the various images of Cleopatra and the way in which Cleopatra manipulated her image, and allowed her image to be manipulated, as a way of gaining and maintaining power over her people and over foreign rulers shows, ultimately, the necessity for Cleopatra to act in the way she did, in terms of ruling over a land that many people wanted to gain control of, from a city that the Romans wished to rule. Her manipulation of her image, on coins she minted, for example, was, as Howgego (1995) argues, a direct way for Cleopatra to portray the image of herself that she wanted to portray to her people, in order to gain the effect she wanted to gain from her people i.e., submission and support.As Higgs and Walker (2001) show, through their choice, and cataloguing, of nearly 400 artefacts relating to Cleopatra, Cleopatra was not just a master manipulator of her own image she used art and imagery as a political tool, in an attempt to gain influence abroad. Higgs and Walker (2001) argue, for example, that the Roman Palestrina Nile Mosaic, which, it is argued by Goudchaux (2001), is a dedication from Cleopatra to the Roman goddess Fortuna, was gifted to the Romans as a way of gaining an in-road in to Roman society. Such gifts, liberal with political imagery and significance were a feature of ancient society, a way of gaining a pre sence in a foreign nation, for example, and so Cleopatras usage of such imagery can, perhaps, be better understood in this context that it was a routine way of attaining ones wishes, in political terms. As such, perhaps, Cleopatra, through manipulating her own image, was doing nothing more than repeating a routine occurrence.As Pelling (2001) argues in his essay entitled Anything truth can do, we can do better the Cleopatra legend, in Walker and Higgs (2001), that exaggerated portrayals of Cleopatra were common within Egypt and across the ancient world, and as Queen of Egypt, Cleopatra had a great role to breeze in this exaggeration contemporary and more modern accounts of Cleopatra as the beauty and even, for example, Cleopatras adoption by the black rights movement in the United States is no more than a continuation of Cleopatras own manipulation, that the appropriation of Cleopatras image, and the continuation of the myth of Cleopatras beauty and power is no more than a way in w hich to borrow power from her image and to lend power to contemporary arguments and causes.This analysis of the various images of Cleopatra and the way in which Cleopatra manipulated her image, and allowed her image to be manipulated, as a way of gaining and maintaining power over her people and over foreign rulers has shown, ultimately, as we have seen, the necessity for Cleopatra to act in the way she did, in terms of ruling over a land that many people wanted to gain control of, from a city that the Romans wished to rule. The debates over Cleopatras supposed beauty is rather peripheral to the life that Cleopatra led, as ruler of Egypt and as over-seer of the Hellenistic world. As this study has shown, images of Cleopatra were created not with the task of conveying her beauty2, but with conveying her power and her abilities to rule, and her willingness to continue to rule.ReferencesAustin, M.M, 2006. The Hellenistic world from Alexander to the Roman conquest. A selection of ancien t sources in translation. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Goudchaux, G.W., 2001. Cleopatras subtle religious strategy. In S.Walker and P.Higgs (eds.), Cleopatra of Egypt from history to myth.Higgs, P. and Walker, S. (eds.), 2001. Cleopatra of Egypt from history to myth. Princeton University Press.Holbl, G., 2001. History of the Ptolemaic Empire. London Routledge.Howgego, C., 1995. Ancient history from coins (approaching the ancient world). London Routledge.Pollitt, J., 1986. Art in the Hellenistic Age. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.1Footnotes1 Coins recently discovered in a bank vault in Newcastle, however, which are in mint condition show Cleopatra in a very bad light, not at all beautiful, with hooked nose and chin. See The Guardian 14th February 2007 article entitled Antony and Cleopatra coin find changes the face of history by Martin Wainwright.2 Indeed, as argued by Hamer (2001) in her essay in Higgs and Walker (2001) entitled The myth of Cleopatra since the Renaiss ance, this obsession with Cleopatras beauty is a modern obsession, that developed from the Renaissance onwards, and was not a defining feature of imagery of Cleopatra that was produced during her time.

Sociological and Psychological Theories of Crime

Sociological and Psychological Theories of annoyanceIn this task I am going to be looking at different theories which involve criminology, once I nurse completed that I am going to research whizz sociological and wizard psychological theory. At the akin time I am going to look at the normal f symbolizeors that talent influence nuisance. I am too going to be looking at what criminology is and lots of different aspects of offence.Contents (Jump to)Biological Theoriesof Crime record vs nurtureSociological Theories of CrimeFunctionalismMertons strain theoryMarxismLabelling Theory lolly SchoolPsychological Theories of CrimePsychoanalytical theorySocial encyclopedism theoryIntroductionWhat is criminology?Criminology is a subject which has a lot of different aspects to it. There argon a lot of different areas why citizenry turn to entrustting detestation. The sympathys areSociologyPsychology biological scienceGeographyLawAnthropologyWhat is crime?My definition of crime would b e that it is fewthing that some ace has d single wrong, which is perishing the law. So should be penalize for it.An opposite definition for crime would be crime is the breach of a rule or law for which some governing authority or force may ultimately ordinate a punishment.Right or wrong?We as well had a differentiate news about what is crime and what is right and wrong? The comments that came up areAn act that is punishable by law.Something that someone has wear oute which is il legitimate.Behaviour which is contrary to the laws of society.I mean that a right reason for breaking the law if at that place was one would be if someone was so poor and they didnt take in any capital to array any food and they stole some food to cargo hold them from starving to death. That isnt as bad as some crimes and they are only committing the crime so they can stay alive. A wrong reason for committing a crime would be if someone murdered someone else. That is a wrong crime because there testament never be a life-threatening enough reason for killing someone.Time and placeLaws are brought in e actuallyday and different parts of the country and also world. Some eccentrics of different generation and place laws have come in are, in 1908 incest was not regarded as a brutal offence in the UK. Everyone knew that it was wrong and that you shouldnt do it however it wasnt until 1908 that a law was brought in to stop large number who do commit the crime. An other(a) typeface of this was that it wasnt illegal to rape within in marri years and that only changed in 1991, when it became illegal.An example of places when it comes to laws is that some laws are different in some country than others. An example of this would be, in the Netherlands they are legally allowed to have sex at the age of 12, only in England they are only legally allowed to have sex when they are 16.In a class discussion we had a look at what magnate be legal in five years and what is legal now b ut wouldnt be legal in five years. A few examples of thing that powerfulness not be legal in five years areDrinking age talent have gone up to age of 21.Driving age might go up so there are depart be fewer accidents involving young drivers.Children allowed in pubs.Having a drinking whilst eating a meal with parents.We also looked at laws that are illegal at the moment but they might be legal in five years. Examples of this would beSmoking cannabis might be made legal for everyone not average tidy sum who inquire them for the medical reasons.They might have special licenses that mean quite a little are allowed to smoke in pubs which have the license.Explanation of why do battalion commit crime?There are many an(prenominal) reasons why mountain commit crime but they have been defined it into three cat selfries. The three congregations that they have been put into are biological or genetic, sociological and psychological.Biological or genetic this is theory that hoi polloi who have attached have inherited it from their parents. So they are basically born as a criminal.Sociological this theory is that raft will commit crime on depending on who they fondise with. They might do it because they are being pres trustedd by the people they socialise with.Psychological this is theory s that people will commit crimes all depending on what their reputation is equivalent. If there have a good personality they are less akinly to commit crime.Biological Theories for CrimeUnderlying which is also kn avouch as distal. Something that effect someone their whole life and it is being held deep deal might cause them to commit crime. This might be how they were brought up when they were younger.Immediate this is also kn witness as proximal. Is where the surrounding of a person include the people they will be hanging around with, might effect if someone commits crime or not.Factors that might shine people to commit crime areCultural factors (learned social behaviour ). This could be their family or even where they come from. It could relate their worship and what they are told they should and should not do.Power of companion group. This could be friends because they might feel pressured to commit crime because all of their mates are. They might want to fit in a group and to be in that group they may have to do something to guide they are good enough.Media- the media can affect people in a lot of different ways. It can make people happy, sad or even angry. They have affect on people to do things might not normally do.StatisticsStatistic is something where they will collect data and make averages and probabilities out of the results. One of many statistics is that men are twice more than apparent to commit a crime than women are. Another statistic is that 16 24 have the highest rate for crime in both sexes.BIOLOGY nature v nurtureNature and nurture will come into to strainings when it comes to crime. They have two different put ons on w hy people commit crime. The two different views are that people are born a criminal or they are made a criminal once they are born.NatureThis is a theory where they debate that people are born the way they are and they dont develop into the way they are now. So when crime is relate they have the theory that they will be born as a criminal, and they dont develop it over time. It will come d have to the genetic inheritance, if their parents are criminals they will get down a criminal as well because of the genetic inheritance. They will say that genetic determination is inherited which includes the tendency to commit crime. Not many people still believe in this theory it came about in the early stages of the last century, when biologists like Darwin where about.They did studies with parallel, which are identical. This means that they are the like in everyway including the same genes. They studied both of the children to see if one of them or both of them become a criminal. They a lso looked if one did commit a crime the other one is more likely to commit a crime. This is known as concordance. This is more likely to go by with Identical twins than just twins because identical twins have the same genes but twins only share half.A study which supports this theory with evidence is Goldman and Cottesman (1995). They have evidence to support this theory because they showed that if one identical twin does one thing the other one is more likely to do it as well. But they also found that they are in the as environment so they have been brought up the same. Maybe if they were apart it might be different.NurtureThis is a theory where they dont believe it is anything to do with genetic inheritance. They speak up that everyone is born normal and that lived experiences affect if we will commit crime in are life time or not. certain(a) areas that might affect why people will commit crime areLow family income- they might have any money so they have might have to resort t o crime because they will want to buy things that everyone else have, like the latest toys and because they cant afford to pay for them they might steal the instead.Poor child-rearing techniques- if their parents dont bring their child up right they might know what is wrong and they might echo that stealing is getable. self-aggrandising families- that could many reasons like if they had a large family they might not have enough money to provide for them, or they might commit a crime because they dont get much attention so they do it to get attention, etc.Low disciplineal achievement- that is because they will have no qualifications, so they will not be able to get a job so they wont have any money to pay for anything which might make them resort to crime.My own viewMy own view on the biology would be that I agree with the nurture theory because I dont think that people are born the way they are. I disagree with the nature theory because in some families the parents have never co mmitted a crime and they have a child and that commits crime. It shows that it is nothing to do with being born in a certain way. I think that people commit crime because of people who are around them who can influence them. I think it is all down to influences.Sociological Theories of CrimeIn this I am going to be looking at different theories. The theories that I am going to be looking at areFunctionalismMarxismLabelling Theory pelf SchoolFunctionalismThis is a theory which was developed from Emile Durkheim (1858-1917). Emile Durkheim theory was all based his own theory that people want to be able to live and work, they need to have a strong sense of social order. This means that there has to rules and regulations, and there is always either a right or wrong answer. He thought they needed rules because people will abide by them, he thought that if there wasnt any rules or anything everything would break down.Crime is normal and normalDurkheim has come to the conclusion that crime is normal because it happens everywhere in every country, all over the globe. He thinks that it is normal because it has always happened and probably will always happen.Crime is relativeThis is where the rate of crime is changing all the time. It will change because crime depends on certain factors. Factors that it depends on are things like time, culture, society, and etc. culture might affect the amount of crime because some cultures are more into crime than other cultures.Crime is functional and necessaryDurkheim also thinks that crime is necessary in some ways because when people are committing crimes, the government are making new laws to try and punish people when they do commit that crime. This will show criminals that are thinking of committing a crime will not want to because they know what the punishment. It sets boundaries for people and if they commit crimes they will be punished. Functionalism and anomyThis is where there is a major change in society. This will affect people in different ways it all depending on what changes. An example of this is depression, they will lower their sights and expectations but if there is a boom people will react totally different and they will set their sights higher. This will affect functionalism because it will affect the way people live and work. It will either make it better for them or worse.My own viewWhen it comes to functionalism theory I think that some of the aspects of the theory are right but some arent. I agree with the fact that we need rules and regulations to live are lives and that if there wasnt any, everything would break down. I also agree with bringing in laws to stop people from committing offences. I think that if someone has committed a crime that they should be punished for it. So that I agree with basically all of the aspects of the theory.Mertons strain theoryThis is another theory that Durkheim came up with. This theory is all to do with where they took the anomie theory further and developed it. This theory is all to do with anomie and how it encourages people to do better. It encourages for people to strive for wealth. The only thing that it wont be the same from person to person. It all depends on the person. Not everyone will strive to achieve the same thing. Durkheim came up with this theory in 1938. This theory breaks down into five sections. He talks about 5 different ways in which people are able to adapt to the change when the strive comes.Conformity- this is where they contain what they have been given and get on with it. An example of this would be in work, they have been given a task to do and they accept that they have to do it and just get on with it.Innovation- this is the opposite of ritualism. Innovation is where they will accept the heathen goals and they will stick to them but the way in which they achieve it like the traditional way, they will reject it and achieve them in their on way. They might resort to illegitimate ways or illegal way s.Ritualism- this is where they will reject the cultural goals that are there but they will accept and comply with the means of completing something. This would be the traditional ways of achieving things that they have to do. This would be known as bureaucrat. This is where they will do the job to what it is worth they will not put any more effort than what is needed to complete the task.Retreatism- this is the less extreme form of rebellion. They will not accept the social goals, aims and method. They will not comply with them. They will be a drop out of society.Rebellion- this is where they will not accept any of the social goals, which means that they will go by their own rules and do what they want. They will do what they want, not what other people tell them to do. An example of this would be terrorists because that is going against the social goals and rules.When it comes to relating this to crime. You can relate it because he came up with within the theory that people who ar e in lower classes are more likely to commit crimes because they have more of a strain than people in higher class. They also came up with a theory that working class is more likely to commit crime. The only thing that also he could not find out when it comes to crime is that is nothing to do with finance and people in classes. They can not explain why people are killed and assaulted when it isnt anything to do with money.He also found out that not everyone has the same goals it all depends on a lot of factors like living, finance, religion and many more. Merton could not explain why people will choose one adaption other another one.My own viewI agree with the theory, the only thing that I dont agree with is that I dont think that people are split into some many groups. I think that there should only be three groups. The three groups that I think there should be are conformity, ritualism and also rebellion.MarxismThis is a theory that Karl Marx came up with in (1818- 1883). This the ory includes information about the new criminology, Critical criminology, Radical criminology, Left realism, counterpoint theory.His theory wasnt much to do with crime, it was more so to do with economics and ownership are the power influences in society. Examples of this that the more land you own the more powers you have. They will employee people to work on the land. Which also help with the theory that they will have more power than the people working on the land. The Bourgeoisie are the owners of the means of production.The Proletariat are the working classes. He believes that there is always a conflict between classes which will lead to social change. It is basically a conflict between bourgeoisie and working class. Bad behaviour was seen as things someone does that the people in power do not ap instal of. The people in power will bring in laws if they think that the people who are behaving in a bad way are at risk of taking over.Crime comes from the unfairness and also the corrupt nature of the society. The way in which working people were treated. The reasons why working people committed crime was because they were fighting against the repression.The bourgeoisie decided what should be laws and what shouldnt be. The proletariat listen and just thought they were normal. The reasons why the bourgeoisie brought in the laws was to make sure that the proletariat dont try and take over and take their place.Crimes of the BourgeoisieCrimes of the Proletariattax fraudbenefit fraudembezzlement thievingpollutionassaultcorporate crimevandalismThis table shows the different types of crimes that both categories are nigh likely to commit. The bourgeoisie group are near likely to create pollution because if they own factories as their own business. They will have fumes coming out and if there are too many they will be polluting the surrounding area and the earth.The proletariat group are most likely to commit crimes like theft because they dont get paid much money for doing jobs for the bourgeoisie. This means that they may not be able to provide for their families properly which might force them to commit crimes. The two groups crimes are so different, the bourgeoisie will do because they know they can get away with it and save more money but the proletariat might do it so they can live properly and provide for their families.Labelling TheoryThis is a theory that a theorist called Becker came up with. His theory was completely different to the other theory because they blame crime on society where as in this theory it is all to do with people who label people. This is where people label an act as a criminal offence.If people didnt label them people wouldnt think they were a criminal thing or a wrong thing to do. It wont be a crime till we say it is. In this theory they say that it is not the criminal who is responsible, its the society. He pointed out that most people have committed a crime in their life at some time, big or small. Most peo ple have been caught for doing it so they havent been labelled. The only difference between people and criminals is that they have been caught for it and labelled as a criminal.My own viewI agree with this in some ways but I dont agree in others. I agree that some crimes should be labelled because some people might look at it and think that it isnt a crime but it actually turns out to be. I dont think that some crimes dont need labelling because everyone cleanly knows what is right and what is wrong. So everyone knows that killing someone isnt right so I dont think crime with seriousness of that doesnt need labelling.Chicago SchoolThis is a theory that was made by the Chicago school developed. It all came about in the 1930s in America. It relates to Robert Parks theory where he talked about urban ecology. They looked at the people and what happen when there are ecological changes in the environment. This could result in people competing for space, invasion of territory and also dom inance of other groups of people.This pictures shows where crime is more likely to happen. It is based on a concentric zone theory where different zones and Burgess points out that more crime will be committed in the loop and the zone in transition.(Criminology_theories and effects on portal in crime and its effect on society folder.)My own viewI agree with this theory in the fact that the area that people live can affect people to commit crime, but I think it is to focus around that one aspect why people commit crime. An example of this would be peer groups, family etc.Psychology Theories of CrimeThere are two different parts of psychological. The two different areas that I am going to be looking at arePsychoanalytical theorySocial learning theoryPsychoanalytical theoryPsychoanalytic theory which is also known as Freudian theory is where they think that people are being predominate by unconscious forces and driven by sexual and aggressive desires. The theory also says that we are not free and we arent in charge of ourselves. So something else does everything for us. Freud came up with three state of the mindThe id the childlike demanding side of a personThe ego the rational logical sideThe super ego the moral part of our personalityHe came up with the theory that if parents do not socialise with their children enough, they will not be able to develop the super ego properly which might result in them not being able to control their ID. Which means that it can lead to bad and also destructive behaviour.My own viewWhen it comes to this theory I dont agree with it in the sense that it is all to do with sexual and aggressive drives. I think it is just to do with thoughts not sexual or aggressive thoughts. I also disagree in some ways with if the parent dont show enough attention to their children they would stay in the ID stage. I think that they might slightly be affected but not to the extent that he says it will be.Social learning theoryThis is all about beha vioural psychology. Behavioural psychology is where they people learn behaviour and they are able to maintain it by rewards and also sanctions. When this comes to crimes, they say that crime has either been learned or it is a failure of socialisation process. This is where they were never taught what was right or wrong. They say crime is a learned behaviour, which doesnt differ from any other learning experience.Criticism of the social learning theoryThe criticism that was made was that people are very different and no-one is the same and that you dont know how someone will react to punishment. Someone might be happy but some people might not. All depends on the person. The theory assumes individuals are passive and unquestioning. It neglects the influence the influence of media and wider cultureOther contributing factors to crimeThere are other factors that affect why people commit crime than the ones that I have covered. The other factors that might affect people areFamily Farring ton and West (1990) they found that a small amount of people will commit crime because of their family. They account for the large proportion of criminal activity. Families account for a small amount of it though. (UK most crime committed by 10% of the population).Economic factors this shows that people from low economic are more likely to commit crime or involved in criminal activities. Benyan (1994) and Harrower (1998) looked into this theory and found that the nature been poverty and crime will never be a rock solid evidence to prove why people commit crime.Peer pressure this is where friends and also peer groups influence people to commit crime. They might do it because they want to be in a group. Or they feel like an idiot if they dont do what everyone else is doing. This would normally happen in gangs.Education a poor education can affect it because if they dont like it. They might not go which might turn them to committing crime because they have nothing else to do.My own vie wI think that these all contribute to crime in a major way. I think that normally most contributes to crime would be peer pressure because you will be with your friends and other peer so they affect a lot of different things you do and also how you live your life. I think that family is close behind because they will teach you what is right and wrong when you are younger so that you know for when you are older.

Good vs. Evil in John Steinbecks East of Eden :: East Eden Essays

Good vs. repulsiveness in East of Eden   God saw that all he had created was very penny-pinching. You be part of gods creation, and he is pleased with how he made you. If at times you feel worthless or of little value, remember that god made you for a correct reason. You are valuable to him. ( Genesis 131) I believe that all things created are at first intimately. The Bible gives pages upon pages of quotes and stories on the battle of good versus evil, but in the story East of Eden we are given what might be the greatest question of it all, and that is if the main character Cathy a.k.a. Kate was born good or evil.   Kate was born and brought up an only child. At first Kate was a normal child and no one thought anything of her. When she got a little atomic number 42 older Kate began to do things other children wouldnt normally do. At one point she was caught in her Barn with two boys and her tied up. Her mother and father punished her for this and whipped he r until she was good again. Kate was doing great things, she was doing things that made her look like a perfect child. One day though Kate made a plan to kill her parents by lockup them in the house while she sets it on fire. Kate did this and immediately got out of town. This is when Kate made her and ended up with Adam Trask another main character.   Adam fell in love with Kate and ended up marring her and moving into a ranch with her. Kate the whole time stayed silent and not very sociable. She became pregnant gave birth to twin boys. repair after the boys were born she went on a mad rampage and shot Adam in the shoulder and ran off to be a whore. She told Adam she was Evil and didnt want anything to do with him or the boys.   Kate ran away to a whore house and there she tortured and blackmailed many important men in the community. These man could not stop coming back, as though she had some power over them. All the while Adam was home trying to deal with the heart bar of Kate leaving and her almost killing him.

How Priestly Uses the Characters to Represent His Own Views on Society :: An Inspector Calls Edwardian Society Essays

How Priestly Uses the Characters to Represent His Own Views on SocietyThe play An inspector Calls is set in 1912 but was written in 1945.Edwardian society at that time (1912) was strictly divided into socialclasses and over two-thirds of the nations wealth was in the hands ofless than 1% of the population. Below the very rich were the middleclasses (doctors and merchants, shop workers and clerks), after thatcame the craftsmen and skilled workers. At the very bottom of thesocial persist was the largest class of all - the ordinary workers andthe poor, many of whom lived below the poverty level. The men ofindustry treated the workers very badly and they were paid pittance.This caused workers to become better organize and strikes werebecoming more frequent as they demanded better conditions and higherpay. J.B. Priestley was writing the play for a middle class audienceand was trying to speak up for the working class by raiseing how theBirlings and Gerald Croft were all involved in mak ing a young workingclass girls life a misery. Priestley wants to show us that we have aresponsibility to others to act fairly and without prejudice and thatwe do not live in isolation. Our actions affect others. This is theconcept of collective responsibility. Priestley says, things could genuinely improve if only people were to become more socially responsiblefor the welfare of others. We have to confront our mistakes and learnfrom them.The play starts off with the Birling family celebrating theirdaughters action to Gerald Croft. The family included Mr Birling,Mrs Birling, Eric Birling, Sheila Birling and Gerald Croft. ArthurBirling is glad because Gerald is the son of his business competitorand it will be a merger of businesses. Through the middle of thedinner there is a knock at the door. This is where we meet inspectorGoole. He tells the family that a girl has committed suicide and thatin one way or some other they are responsible. Mr Birling was responsiblefor sacking the g irl from his factory. Sheila Birling was responsiblebecause she got the girl sacked from a shop where she works. EricBirling was seeing her but the stony-broke it off, and Gerald Croft washaving an affair with her but he also broke it off. All of theirmorals are tested and they are all put to the test because none ofthem rightfully know the truth about what they have done until theinspector brings it out of them. After the inspector goes the familyfinds out that he was a fake and that no girl had died.