National Semiconductor Case Study free essay sample

Be that as it may, IDC needs a vigorous administration improvement program. The group as of late instated a 360-degree (360D) criticism process as an administrative formative instrument. There were a few obstacles however the procedure by and large is by all accounts progressing nicely. In the interim the innovative business in Bangalore is seeing high turnover rates with numerous rewarding bids for employment in a hot work advertise. As new directors are joining the IDC group, Ashok Kumar, the general trough of IDC is assessing whether to proceed with the 360D procedure or to permit new administrators to incorporate all alone. Issue Statement While a few manifestations have been examined, the general issues which require consideration can be sorted into the accompanying four: 1. What is the best technique for incorporating new individuals from the IDC supervisory group? 2. Ought to there be proceeded with advancement of the supervisory crew, and how best should this be practiced? 3. IDC has worked as a storehouse, concerning the board at the Santa Clara base camp. How best can IDC line up with Santa Clara’s the executives practices and methodology? 4. IDC chiefs are not working together and conveying straightforwardly, bringing about missed cutoff times, pressure, and decreased assurance. Conversation of Critical Issues The 360D procedure has improved the coordination and correspondence of the current supervisory crew, and now this group faces the test of incorporating new chiefs into an effectively firm gathering. Without satisfactory history with companions, subordinates, and administrators, Ashok Kumar perceives that 360D would not be a powerful apparatus for improvement and reconciliation of these new individuals in the underlying months of their new assignments. While they want to build up a similar open, agreeable, believing connections they have found in 360D, some other reconciliation procedure or methodology would be important. Likewise for thought is whether 360D has filled its need, or whenever proceeded with advancement will be significant to the gathering. Would yearly 360D studies proceed with the turn of events? In addition to the fact that integrating is new administrators a worry, proceeded with improvement of individual administration aptitudes and proceeded with advancement of the group overall are important. Can the gathering anticipate that their present abilities and connections should be acceptable, or do they need steady improvement consideration, and assuming this is the case, what is the best procedure. Additionally, if the 360D were to turn into a yearly procedure, is it excess, or added substance to the presentation audit process right now set up? The administration connection among IDC and Santa Clara is tested by the geographic division (and time distinction), impeding the capacity to assemble confiding seeing someone and open correspondence . The IDC has had extraordinary accomplishment with the 360D procedure. Is there a comparable procedure that would convey a similar outcome for the connection between the supervisory groups in Santa Clara and IDC? At last, the current activity is debilitated by its own adjustment in forms, prompting work bunches working as storehouses, and bringing about deferrals and strain between working gatherings. Are there activities the organization can take to improve coordination between these gatherings? Improved correspondence, joint effort, trust, and lucidity of direction are attractive in dealing with different work gatherings, and procedures that construct this cooperation will diminish issues and confidence. Exchange Solutions †¢Discontinue 360D †it has filled its need. Yearly execution surveys are sufficient. †¢Use the â€Å"16 Competencies† as the essential standards for employing and preparing new administration. Organize these standards with Santa Clara, in employing principles just as rules for coordinating new directors, and remember them for yearly execution surveys. Consider MBO components in execution audits which incorporate suitable â€Å"competencies† †¢Schedule 360D for ranking directors yearly. Along these lines, new administration recruits will in the long run take an interest, and accomplish the ideal degree of incorporation. Proposal The 360D ought to be made and yearly procedure for the improvement of the senior supervisory crew. While its transient impediments are perceived for incorporating new administration individuals, a survey of the procedure could give a critical show of the way of life of the organization, and the significance on trust, open correspondence, and coordinated effort. A gathering of the current administration with new individuals should survey what was found out in the last 360D procedure, and what conduct changes are being made by the ranking staff. So while the new administrators may not profit by their own 360D immediately, they might be taught into a culture of trust, and cooperation, and proceeded with improvement. For additional influence, every one of the 16 capabilities ought to get consideration at week by week gatherings †a conversation of one competency at each gathering. The 360D ought to be a yearly procedure, this first exercise filling in as a benchmark for a general improvement program, at that point rehashed every year as a reason for proceeded with advancement. While the procedure yielded brilliant outcomes between peers at the senior administration level, it is additionally intended to improve correspondence and initiative with subordinates and bosses too. Every year, the 360D should proceed, alongside that of the immediate detailing the board in Santa Clara. On the off chance that advancement in IDC the executives is directed toward the 16 skills, it ought to be lined up with the administration in California. As the IDC supervisory group profited at first by improving their trust and joint effort, they should look for comparative improvement in their relationship with the board in Santa Clara. The 360D procedure has demonstrated to be a helpful instrument in such manner, and we would expect the detailing connections between Santa Clara and IDC would profit if both supervisory groups led the 360D procedure together. As the 360D procedure demonstrated helpful in building trust and joint effort at the senior administration level, it ought to likewise be applied to the pioneers of the useful groups who require this equivalent coordinated effort for structuring and designing new items. A particular individual from each practical group ought to be appointed obligation regarding planning with different groups, and these â€Å"Team Leaders† ought to experience a comparable 360D procedure with one another as a component of their turn of events. At last, while the air of the IDC is particularly specialized, a discussion for non specialized issues ought to be built up. This â€Å"people’s forum† should have agent from each practical territory on location and will concentrate on representative worries in view of nonstop improvement, exhibiting administrations thought of worker spirit and giving representatives a â€Å"safe† gathering to raising their interests.

Mary Shelley Life And Frankenstein Essays - Fiction, Literature

Mary Shelley Life And Frankenstein It is plainly clear that there are numerous equals between the novel Frankenstein and the life of its creator Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. All through her life, Shelley experienced numerous passings of friends and family. These disasters drove her to make a beast story that communicated her mental perspective. From inquiring about anecdotal writings of Shelley, I discovered that the passings of cherished ones that Mary Shelley experienced affected the plot of Frankenstein. Mary Shelley was naturally introduced to a family that contained prominent essayists, William Godwin and Mary Wollstonecraft. These two scholars impacted Mary Shelley's choice to turn into an author. One night as Shelley was going to rest, she started thinking about an awfulness story. Before she understood it, pages and pages of words were streaming and soon enough, Frankenstein was made. Without acknowledging it, Shelley was joining occasions that were occurring in her life to the story that she was composing. Mary Wollstonecraft turned out to be extremely wiped out at the point when Shelley was conceived. She had endured because of confusions during labor. Everything happened at the same time and fourteen days after she conceived an offspring, Mary Wollstonecraft kicked the bucket. Mary Shelley was the reason for the demise of her mom. Never would she have the option to draw near and bond with her mom the way moms what's more, little girls do. She understood that she needed to remain solid and acknowledge what life brought to the table her. In spite of the fact that she had battled to dismiss that instinctual blame, painstakingly educated as she had been in rationale all through her thirteen years by her famous thinker father, the idea kept on frequenting her (Leighton 3). Considerations of her mom would consistently be with her, however life needed to go on. There was no better path for Shelley to keep the soul of her mom alive then by emulating her mom's example and turning into an author. Presently she would be ready to be as expressive as she needed and discharge all her laments and feelings. The way Shelley's mom kicked the bucket is very like the way Frankenstein's mother kicked the bucket. While his mom was dealing with Elizabeth, his sister, from red fever, she turned out to be extremely wiped out and at the same time kicked the bucket. Here, Elizabeth feels that she is the one liable for her mom's demise. On the off chance that she had demanded that her mom avoid her while she was debilitated, she would have still been alive. Elizabeth and Victor needed to acknowledge what occurred and move on with their lives. My mom was dead, however we had still obligations which we should perform; we should proceed with our course with the rest and figure out how to think ourselves blessed while one remains whom the spoiler has not seized (Shelley 43). The two of them would consistently feel the torment and distress of the loss of their mom, however they realized that going on with life and doing admirably for themselves would make their mom both cheerful and glad. At the point when Mary Shelley gave birth to a kid, she chose to name it William to pay tribute to her dad. After two long periods of bliss, little William turned out to be genuinely sick and kicked the bucket. This was the most horrible thing Shelley needed to experience. It was hard enough having a mother bite the dust, presently it was her child. Life didn't appear to have a lot of importance to her any longer. The world will never be to me again as it was ? there was a real existence furthermore, newness in it that is lost to me...I should have kicked the bucket on the seventh of June last (Walling 19). This was an upsetting and turbulent time for Shelley. She was unable to go to any acknowledge with regards to why her infant was detracted from her. It appeared to be exceptionally unexpected that Shelley named Frankenstein's younger sibling William, particularly since William bites the dust. Frankenstein couldn't comprehend the genuine explanation with regards to why this happened to William. Is it safe to say that he was the reason? Regardless the suggestions were, Frankenstein realized that Justine, his cousin, proved unable murder her own relative. Questions were left unanswered and things were continuously a riddle to Frankenstein. As Shelley was growing up, she had a ton of step/stepbrothers and sisters from various relationships. She couldn't get extremely near them since she was continually moving near and living in various places. One huge relative that Shelley stayed close with was Fanny Imlay. She was four years of age when their mom had passed on and as she and Shelley were growing up, Fanny would discuss Mary Wollstonecraft and tell

College Essay Myth Never Write a College Essay About Sports

College Essay Myth Never Write a College Essay About Sports You’ve probably heard the myth that you should never, ever write a college essay about one topic or another. Sports is one of the big no-nos. Who wants to hear about another come-from-behind winning game, right? But the fact is, as I related in my last blog, there are no good or bad essay topics, only good or bad essays. Luckily for you, I have obtained permission from my nephew to share his very good essay about â€" you guessed it â€" sports. Please read and enjoy â€" and notice why this college essay about sports stands above the rest. I’ll give you a hint: He has a sense of humor about himself. He relates his internal story a lot more than the external facts of the game. He comes full circle from the first paragraph to the last, with growth in between. And he writes about something he loves. (And in case you were wondering, he got into Northwestern University, UT Austin, and every other school to which he applied.) College Essay About Sports As a 4’9” high school sophomore, the first couple of weeks on the bench of the JV team brought me to the conclusion that my competitive baseball-playing days were over. In my initial despair, I longed for just one more chance. Ever since little league, baseball had been a part of me. Letting go of it mid-high school simply wouldn’t do. Then I remembered the time when I had filled in as an umpire at the little league where I grew up. The thought of watching baseball games for money, with my only job being to concentrate on each play and make a decision, was appealing. Umpiring wasn’t playing, but it was something, so I gave it another try. It was a few weeks into my new endeavor. The score was 15-0, top of the fourth, and it was already 9:20 p.m. Although there was no feasible way for the home team to win due to the five-runs-per-inning rule, all games were required to go four complete innings. Ugh. I want to go home. Hmmm, What if the pitcher were to throw a pitch that were even somewhat close to being a strike? It wouldn’t affect the outcome of the game, so could I maybe make an exception? No, that would be wrong. I can’t do that. In fact, since I am even thinking about this, my brain is probably going to expand the strike zone subconsciously, and therefore I should make a conscious effort to tighten it. Oh God, what am I even DOING? Umpiring was a bit more complicated than I expected. And, frustrating as it could be at times, I loved it. As an umpire, I constantly find myself lost in internal debates over my biases that I never experienced as a player. There are times when I realize, with some anxiety, that my decision agreed with what I had personally hoped would happen, or with a previous argument a coach had made, or with the latest grumblings of the fans. Although I generally consider myself fair, I have sudden crises, wondering whether I have committed the ultimate sin in umpiring: letting other people’s “calls” replace my own. I can usually convince myself that these instances are coincidental, but it’s still challenging to take in so much information from all sides about how the game is being perceived, and still be true to what I saw happen. As a player, one of my favorite parts of baseball had always been the mental game. I filled the “down time” that many others found boring with discussions and arguments with my teammates about strategy or rules. I have carried that aspect over into umpiring, mostly through discussions with coaches. Sometimes the most frustrating part of umpiring is when coaches accept my call without argument even though they don’t agree, saying “That’s ok, you’re the umpire.” Many umps would welcome this submission, but I find it even more offensive than being screamed at. Sometimes I talk to coaches between innings to further explain why I called what I did. These gestures are often appreciated, if not for my opinion, then for my attitude. The conversations are also far more mentally stimulating than the constant dispute the shortstop and I used to have over who should cover second base on a steal. I don’t wear a glove or swing a bat anymore, but I still consider myself a baseball player. I view the almost 100 games I’ve umpired as merely a position change. Although I have only made “great plays” by shouting my interpretation of what happened, and the pressure of the game is to perform mentally rather than physically, I now have the one more chance I desired. Even as I tower (albeit only by a few inches) over the players in size, and wear a different uniform, I feel more a part of each game than I ever have. So if you want to write a college essay about sports, go for it! And if you need help with how to say it, The Essay Expert is here to coach you. Check out our College Admissions Services page for more about what we offer and what others have to say about our services.

Discuss How Changes on Aggregate Demand Influence Price...

Diana Gaita Economics FB1 Discuss how changes on aggregate demand influence price levels, output levels and employment. The meaning of â€Å"aggregate† is added together. All of the elements introduced in microeconomics are totaled in macroeconomics. Aggregate demand and supply analysis brings together the amount that consumers wish to consume and firms wish to produce at any price levels. Aggregate demand (AD) is the total demand for final goods and services in the economy (Y) at a given time and price level. Also it is the amount of goods and services that will be purchased at all possible price levels in the economy. This is called the demand for the Gross Domestic Product of a country when inventory levels are static. The†¦show more content†¦Confidence in future sales patterns and government incentive and regulations will also affect the investment levels. Another injection in the economy is the multiplier effect of the investment. In the economy, the money invested today will have a greater impact such as increasing the levels of output in the future. This is because investment rises the capital stock. With an evolution in technology, the machineries help production become faster and cheaper, thus contributing greatly to increasing the output in long-term. * The Price Level and Net Exports: The Exchange-Rate Effect Exports represent an injection into the circular flow of income, in that the money paid for goods and services sold abroad enters the domestic flow of income. Imports mean that there is an outflow of money, and exports minus imports gives the total movement of funds known as net exports. There are a number of reasons why the value of net exports might change. If the exchange rate increases in value against other currencies, imports become cheaper and exports more expensive on world markets. Over time, people respond to these relative price movements and the demand for exports falls and the demand for imports rises. A stronger currency will worsen net exports, whereas a weaker currency will improve the figure. Also, for example if a fall in the UK price level causes UK interest rates to fall, the real exchange rateShow MoreRelatedDifference Between Fiscal And Monetary Policy Essay1345 Words   |  6 PagesU.S. economy is forever changing due to various factors. Some of these econom ic policies are also developed due to various factors or events that may have occurred in the United States. This paper will discuss some policies that stimulate the economy, their relation to aggregate supply and demand, and the effectiveness of stimulation these policies will have on the economy. 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GDP, or gross domestic product, is the sum total value of all goods and services produced by a country withinRead MoreSupply and Demand Essay1417 Words   |  6 PagesTeam C Aggregate Demand and Supply Models OPTION 2: ECONOMIC CRITIQUE ECO/372 October 1, 2012 Option 2: Economic Critique The aggregate demand and supply model (AS-AD Model) is an economic model that has the capabilities to account for business cycles of expansion and recession, and helps to model macroeconomic policy. Aggregate demand is the total demand of goods and services for a specific period of time. Aggregate supply is the total supply of goods andRead MoreNotes On The Cash Rate1232 Words   |  5 PagesQ1. Explain what the cash rate is in simple terms. How do these rates influence the levels of other interest rates in the economy? The cash rate is a special benchmark interest rate set by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) based on its inflation target that is charged on overnight loans to commercial banks (Lowe, 2009). Because the amount of money a bank has fluctuates daily based on its lending and borrowing activities, the central bank always lends money overnight to banks that experience a shortageRead MoreWhat Role Did The Setting Of Monetary Policy Play On Housing Market Developments?1743 Words   |  7 Pagesexplain the rise in residential investments or house prices. However some increase in housing markets can attest to lower interest rates and favourable monetary policies that followed after the 2011 recession, which was actually a small factor, As proposed traditional macroeconomic models, even if policy was looser than some measures suggest, these deviations were unlikely to have granted or generated the outsized reponses of house prices and resedential investemnet that happened Our empirical Read MoreKeynes and the Classical Economists6500 Words   |  26 PagesKeynes and the Classical Economists: The Early Debate on Policy Activism LEAR N I NG OBJ ECTIVE S 1. Discuss why the classical economists believed that a market economy would automatically tend toward full employment. 2. Explain why Keynes rejected the views of the classical economists. 3. Compare the views of Keynes and the classical economists with regard to the proper role of government. s you discovered in Chapter 10, unemployment and inflation impose costs on our society. Today, many AmericansRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of The European Union1123 Words   |  5 PagesQuestions: 1. Discuss in general the advantages and disadvantages of regional †¨ trading blocs such as the EU. Discuss the benefits that UB may now enjoy after acquiring a stake in the Nigerian firm, AP. United Biscuits (UB) manufactures its products in factories throughout England, Ireland, Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The advantages and disadvantages of regional trading blocs such as the European Union (EU), since its creation with the Treaties of Rome in 1957, the European Union has shownRead MoreExamining the Implications for an Economy of a Rising Exchange Rate2845 Words   |  12 Pagesrelative price fluctuations, there is likely to be an increase in domestic spending on imports, and decreased demand for exports in foreign countries. In order to explore rising exchange rate effects on economy we need to understand essential macroeconomics like Aggregate Supply (AS) and Aggregate Demand (AD). Economics- S. Nordhaus- 16th ed. – 1998 – McGraw-hill- US - p388 The central concepts for understanding the determination of national output and the price level are aggregate supplyRead MoreThe Inflation Definition And Influences Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesThe inflation definition and influences Inflation is general defined as the devaluation of the currency with the comprehensive and continued rising price level, which means the purchase of money is persistent declining (James and Charles 1975). And this is generally considered as the result of the amount of money in circulation more than the actual needs of the economy. It will directly leads to the devaluation of paper money. If the income of residents do not change, then the living standard ofRead MoreMacroeconomic - Government Policies in Reducing Inflation and Unemployment1493 Words   |  6 PagesMACRO-ECONOMIC | Discuss the role of government policy in reducing unemployment and inflation. In your discussion make use of the diagrammatic representation of the macroeconomy developed in lectures in Term 2 | Unemployment and inflation are factors that have negative effects on the performance of the economy as a whole. Therefore, policies to achieve low and stable price inï ¬â€šation, a high and stable level of employment are big macroeconomics issues of our time. This essay focuses on discussing

Comparision of Judaism and Zoroastrianism Essay - 668 Words

Comparision of Judaism and Zoroastrianism Religion has been a major focal point in any society and in any culture. Starting from the first civilizations in Sumer and Ur to the vast metropolitans of today like New York and London, religion has been around and played a key part in lives of people. Possibly two of the oldest religions in the world, Judaism and Zoroastrinism share distinct qualities that are still alive today. Both religions are practiced but Zoroastrianism is not as popular as it once was. Meanwhile, Judaism is one of the world’s largest religions. These two religions are similar in the way that they are designed and practiced throughout history. Judaism originated in the Middle East. Judaism calls that all†¦show more content†¦Women were treated unfair and were considered impure because they gave childbirth and went through the menstruation cycle. The Jewish religion has many key components, which were derived from other religions such as Zoroastrianism. The prophet Zoroaster founded Zoroastrianism in Persia. The doctrines preached by Zoroaster are preserved in his metrical Gathas (psalms), which form part of the sacred scripture known as the Avesta. Zoroastrianism is one of the first monotheistic beliefs in the world. The beliefs are outlined in the Gathas. The basic tenets of the Gathas consist of a worship of Ahura Mazda and an ethical dualism opposing Truth and Lie, which permeate the entire universe. Upon death in Zoroastrianism a person’s soul will be judged at the Bridge of Discrimination; the follower of Truth will cross and be led into paradise, and the adherents of Lie will fall into hell. Zoroastrianists believe that evil will be wiped off the face of the Earth and will be burnt. The Gathas and the Seven Chapters form part of the larger work, the Yasna. In the Yasna there are hymns that praise specific Gods, and the code of law that they are to follow. Both Judaism and Zoroastrinism share many characteristics in common. The most obv ious and probably one of the most important is the fact that both religions are monotheistic. In ancient times many civilizations were polytheistic. These two religions emerged as the first two monotheistic belief

The Evasive Sonnet CXVI (116) Essay - 2568 Words

In my survey of Shakespeares Sonnets, I have found it difficult to sincerely regard any single sonnet as inferior. However, many of the themes could be regarded as rather trite. For example sonnet XCVII main idea is that with my love away I feel incomplete, sonnet XXIX says that only your love remembered makes life bearable, while sonnet XXXVIII makes the beloved the sole inspiration in the poets life. These themes recycled in love songs and Hallmark cards, hardly original now, would hardly have been any newer in Elizabethan England. However the hackneyed themes of these sonnets is in a sense the source of their essence. These emotions, oftentimes difficult to adequately articulate, are shared by all that have loved, been†¦show more content†¦As quickly as the Shakespearean narrator shifts in stance, not only from quatrain to quatrain but from line to line, it becomes quite easy to fall into the hole of misinterpretation. And thus, some popular sonnets are popular be cause of their misinterpretation. Shakespeares speeds ahead in his poetry while readers are left behind, totally oblivious, but still of the mind that they are following close behind. Sonnet CXVI is one of these evasive sonnets. It is indeed elusive and if we are lucky enough to catch hold of it, we may find that we do not in fact possess it entirely. Most interpretations of Sonnet CXVI focus on the constancy of love, which I concede, is indeed an attribute of the sonnet, but is hardly its main point. Wedged between sonnets that begin Those lines that I before have writ do lie (CXV) and Accuse me thus, that I have scanted all (CXVII) one has to reconsider the facile premise that this poem is only about love in its highest, ideal form. In the present paper, I will focus on sonnet CXVI, but not in conjunction to its surrounding sonnets. Instead I will try to read the sonnet without any inclinations to possessing its meaning and let the sonnet speak for itself. But first let us look at the poem. Below is a copy of a sonnet CXVI: Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit

Business Communication free essay sample

His vision to give young, fashion forward men and women a unique way to express their individuality through style resulted in millions of customers worldwide and propelled his designs to the forefront of the fashion industry. It all started in 1990, with a mere $1,100 in his bank account, Madden started crafting shoe designs from his Queens-based factory and the  Steve Madden  brand was born. With a lot of courage, years of experience in the footwear industry, and unique creative designs,  Steve Madden  formed his own successful enterprise. A year later, Madden introduced a redefined version of platform shoes, resulting in one of the most spectacular success stories in the early 1990s. Inspired by his favorite rock and roll stars of the 1970s, the thick, chunky heel became  Steve Maddens  signature and a phenomenon in womens shoes. Maddens footwear vision is continuously evolving. Steve once said, What inspires me is what I see people wearing on the streets of the world from New York to London and beyond. We also will have to identify the training and uptake strategies and IT goals and strategies. Recommendations In recommendation I will suggest that what other things company need and to improve or change for more good communications. Findings ,Conclusion And Recommendations Topic:1 Organisational Culture FINDINGS The Caltex is a fuel company as we know there are three to four hundred branches of Caltex Company in Newzealand. And this branch a part of a Caltex company as every company and organisation has dream and goal same like this Caltex company have their own goals and policies. Mr Pawan khanna who is the manager of this branch and he takes the responsibility to run this organisation . Caltex is fuel company and other side every Caltex do have convenience store. Moreover in the case of goals the company always try to accomplish the goal in market that company make high standard and good reputation in market and also try to sell better product and service to their customer for getting satisfaction and expectation of customers. Not only manager the every staff of company try to add the good values in company from which company can make good profit. There are 8 staff members are working in this organisation they all are responsible the main thing is this staff member are different countries like shrilanka, Fiji and India and they belongs to different culture but they all are friendly and polite each other they work together in organisation and they know the value of customer and how to respect to their customer because customer is precious for an any organisation so staff member have to show their soft nature to them. The owner of company has made some rule and regulation that is not give chance to any ethics between staff because all staff speaks only one language the wear same dress in workplace. The all staff of company knows very well about treaty Waitangi and whenever they serve the customer they give full respects to them mostly for Maori people whenever any Maori customer come in this organisation the staff members try to give them proper service with good manner that they can feel better and also they give discount on some things. Conclusion In conclusion it can be seen that the company main purpose is to fulfil the desire of their customer by providing them better service and selling good product so all staff are responsible for. Another thing is that all staff are polite and and friendly each other as well with customer they know the values and goals of company. And they also have the knowledge of ethics and culture or treaty Waitangi. The owner of company has made some rules for staff however they belongs different countries instead of this they have good communication with each other at workplace. Recommendations In recomdation I will like to say that in Caltex organisation director should give rewards and opportunity to his staff that they can motivated and also he should celebrate the festivals of other culture people together because of this they can know each other about culture and know about different languages. Topic:2 Organisation structure and communication channels In Caltex organisation structure is small there are 8 members are working like Director, Manager Supervisor and employees. The manager who is the first person of organisation who is responsible and handle to the staff even staff also responsible for their job but they all are work under the manager he makes the roster and make shifts according to the time for staff. Director of company has divided work into staff there are three departments in this organisation like information department, human resources department and operational department and these departments are handle by manager and supervisor or these group has different priorities and it works in different ways. All staff understand their nature and significance of their roles and manager also has given freedom to his staff to take some action according to their style because at the time any problems come the employees do not need to talk over and over to manager they can take action on the sport but in critical problem they need to get advice of manager then manager also talk to his owner. For more information and any new plans the director of organisation hire the meeting to his staff where he gives chance to every one to speak and put their views and ideas. Communication plays a key role in the success of any workplace program or policy in Caltex the all staff have to work inside of organisation whenever they need of any communication they can communicate with face to face if sometimes they do need to contact outside so they use mail service. In Caltex in the case of communication channel they have to talk each other face to face as in Caltex every staff member has to give report of whole day so they will send it manager and it goes to director so in this way staff plays the internal communication channel. In Caltex organisation they often use external communication channel as the company have some retailers and member so company has to contact with them so company need to contact them with external communication like price of products, price of fuels etc. Formal communication network very important for an company because in which company member makes plans. Most of time the director of company hire the meeting between staff members where they all discuss about new future plans where leader makes the decision according to the company. The Caltex also has some informal network with other fuel companies some time director has to attend meeting with other companies where companies hire the meetings together and they discussed the prices of fuel and G. S. T taxes . Conclusion In conclusion we can say the all staff of Caltex staff working in level of hierarchy and also there are network of communications and communication channel which work in company internal side and external side of company. On the other side the company structure is small and the work has divided in departments so it reduces the pressure of manager and they all are responsible. Recomdation In my opinion as company has different department but it is handle by manger according to me director of company should give some responsibility to other members of staff to handle some departments because of this manager can do other activities of company. Topic:3 Communication Technologies and tools Findings Caltex is a fuel company it open 24 hours and in the case of technology they use different types of technology like in fuel pumps whenever any customer come for getting fuel for their vehicle so they don’t need to come inside the store because Caltex organisation use such technology from which customer automatically get fuel and sometime if customer need to talk with staff member so they can talk with mike because Caltex has speakers and mikes technology from which they can communicate each other and also credit card service available if any one pay with credit card it all save the time of customer. Moreover in the case of advertisement and promotion for the the Caltex organisation they take the help of internet technology like there are some websites where we can registered and these websites help us to promotion and publicity for example the Caltex organisation update all the information on Caltex. co. nz in this web site every can get information about Caltex. On the other side the Caltex organisation has three departments they all are also use technology tools for run the business. Human resources management-This department process of an organisation or human resources for the training and selection of employees. In this Caltex organisation take online test of employees even they have to give trial in company for getting jobs. Informational department- Information management is the collection and management of information from one or more sources and the distribution of that information to one or more audience. In this department Caltex company have to gain lot of information from external side so they use fax and mail technology for it. Operational department-The department of operational management covers productions management, distribution product and process development in general as well as information and communication in modern industrial and service enterprises. In case of service and product these days customer demand for high technology so Caltex organisation has some good product For Example techron, the special ingredient in all Caltex petrol, makes them unbeatable at keeping vital engine parts clean, helping your car perform at its best. Lower quality fuels can leave harmful deposits in your cars engine. As these deposits accumulate over time, your car may begin to hesitate and stumble during acceleration, knock or lose power. Caltex fuels with the techron additive are unbeatable at cleaning up and avoiding deposits. Theres no better way for you to protect and maintain your engines performance than by using Caltex with techron. In the case communication technology all staff use fax and telephones technology and all staff have cell phons that they can make contact with manager any time so sometime in urgent manager also contact with his staff for example if manager have to go outside of work he can be late and delay so manager has to give message and call to their employees. Conclusion In conclusion it can be seen that all Caltex company has established and dependent on technology there are some departments in organisation which getting profit of technology in different way. Manager of company has main responsibility to focus on this technology and tools and he has given responsibility to his staff to operate this technology. Recommendation As per my point of view I think company should make technology department in business which can help to get more advancement in technology and it will give better service to customer because this department motivate to other department by technology tools .

Greek Philosopher Socrates

It is a reality that societies tend to have individuals who question the way things are done. These individuals also known as philosophers feel that their responsibility is to question why things are the way they are. These philosophers usually work in places where they were born. This article will focus on one Greek philosopher who was recognized as Socrates.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Greek Philosopher Socrates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the era of ancient Greece, approximately forty years before the commencement of the Peloponnesian battles, an infant by the name of Socrates was brought into the world. This child is said to have been born in Athens in 469 BCE to Sophroniscus and Phoenarete. He was notably intelligent at a very tender age. Before the wars emanated in the region, Socrates used to hang out with the unchanged intellectuals that Pericles did. This comprised of the sophist named Protag orist, the scientist Archelaus and Damon the musician. It is therefore clear that Socrates existed during the times of war. Socrates emerged from a well-off family. There are several instances of substantiation that have been elucidated to attest to this fact. One of them is that he served in three diverse occurrences during the Peloponnesian war. To begin with, Socrates was a hoplite fighter during warfare. This duty necessitated an individual to purchase his own equipment as well as body armor. Socrates served as a soldier at a place called Delium in 424 BCE as well as in Amphipolis, Potidoea in 432 BCE. He did not stay as a bachelor for long. He was married to Xanthippe who was known well in the region due to her irritability. Consequently, Socrates had a family of three boys who played a great role in promoting their fathers thinking after his demise. Socrates used to question each and every person within the society. His interrogations were extended to the streets. Socrates wou ld stroll along the streets where he would come across different people. In the process, he would challenge an individual who he met among others on the streets with questions that appeared quite uncomplicated. His seemingly easy questions would leave plenty of doubt in the intellect of the individual. This was how Socrates gained his superiority in being a philosopher. Socrates would ask his questions regardless of the individual’s age. Through Socrates interrogations and answers many people benefited by getting education. The method that Socrates used to educate people was referred to as Socratic dialect. Some people referred to this method as the Socratic Method. Surprisingly, Socrates neither wrote books nor papers regarding his philosophical sayings. Similar to lots of philosophers, Socrates was seeking for the meaning of living or rather life. Socrates philosophical sayings were based on his own beliefs. Socrates had a belief that each and every philosopher was seeking answers not only to life but also what happens when one passes away.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Most of Socrates efforts were concentrated on the search for questions rather than answers. Through his efforts and interrogations, people’s morals were highly criticized. However, Socrates did not provide the people with solutions to the questions that he posed to them. This made most people within the society dislike him. Socrates also got himself involved with two associates of an oligarchy of thirty individuals who played a greater role in conquering the democratic state of Athens. As mentioned earlier, Socrates had his own beliefs which he thought to be true. Basing on Socrates assumptions, democracy never existed. Due to his beliefs, Socrates received a lot of hostility as well as resentment from most people within his region. Most people really hated him. According to So crates, any given government ought to be ruled by knowledge. In his point of view, democracy should be done away with by the government while administering its rule. There are indications that Socrates was the first and foremost human being to come up with the idea of the soul. The idea of the soul is presently well built among members of each and every society in the present day. In line with this, Socrates revealed that â€Å"there is no truth except that there is no truth† and that â€Å"he does not know anything except that he does not know anything.† After coming up with this, Socrates was able to boost his level of understanding and thinking and was equated to the greatest thinkers of all time. Socrates spent the largest part of his life confidentially. He never took part in affairs of the public and never got involved in activities that were anticipated by the citizens of his country. Socrates never considered them as activities of great knowledge. As a philosop her, Socrates was not only an educator but also a father. He did this for a considerable duration in his life. His philosophical sayings educated several people. Being a teacher, some of the well known followers of Socrates were Plato, Aristotle and Xenophon. One of the eulogies of Socrates was written by Xenophon. Plato also wrote several critiques regarding Socrates with the inclusion of â€Å"Apology† that demonstrated Socrates radiant defense. He wrote with illustrations from key words in Socrates philosophical sayings, for instance â€Å"[Socrates] spent his life in search of such truth as was arrived at by logical reasoning, starting from a rational hypothesis.† The real philosophical acts of Socrates have been shown when Plato wrote what was said by Socrates during his defense i.e. â€Å"I have never been a teacher to any man, but if any one, whether young or old, wished to hear me speak while carrying out my mission, I never grudged him the opportunity†¦ And whether any of my hearers become better or worse, for that I cannot justly be made answerable†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Greek Philosopher Socrates specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Socrates was neither a product of the social order nor a modernizer. His way was known by many. He could stroll around the streets and then engage in a conversation with a person he came across. Without hesitation, Socrates would make sure that he interrogated the individual on his beliefs. Even though this seems to be a direct influence on people, Socrates is considered to have influenced most people’s way of life indirectly. Apparently, we are made to believe that new trends were obligatory when a person exhausted his chat with Socrates. However, Socrates never did trend setting save for that. In 399 BCE, Socrates was charged with transgression and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates was blamed by Meletus. During these times, the punishment for such crimes was death. The reason behind his alleged transgression was lack of recognition of the same gods as the state. Socrates was blamed for corrupting the Athenian youths. This was after the youths started questioning their parents’ beliefs. The youngsters also questioned the beliefs of some of the significant social elite in a scornful way. The entire matter appeared frivolous. In spite of Socrates outstanding defense, which was possibly misinterpreted by most of the 501 jury of the subordinate category of the Athenian general public, he was proved guilty by a margin of merely sixty people. Most people wanted him to be evicted from the city. However, this never happened. Personally, he requested to recompense a fine but his efforts were futile. A larger margin of individuals won the case. They proposed the death penalty on Socrates. He was to drink poison. The death sentence was later deferred. This was as a result of a r eligious festival that was to be performed. The festival was for the sacrifice of the seven young men and maidens towards the Minotaur in the maze inside the holy place on the isle of Crete. It was during this time that his friends proposed to organize a getaway for him. But Socrates refused to escape. He claimed that his escape would be contrary to all his teachings as well as the years he had lived. He took death as a light matter. He perceived death as at last getting to know all that happens after death which is considered as the ultimate quest of all philosophers. Plato denotes that Socrates said: â€Å"But now it is time for us to go away, I to die, and you to live. Which of us is going to a better fate is unknown to all save God.† Socrates was a great philosopher. The absence of his philosophical sayings would have resulted in the absence of philosophies from Aristotle and each and every successor of his teachings. The functioning of the world at present, particularly the western world would have been very different. This would have consequently reversed the configuration as well as the workings of the globe.Advertising Looking for essay on philosophy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In conclusion, Socrates was the greatest philosopher/ theorist in the world. He took the planet by storm. He left a lot of suspicion and doubt in the minds of the greatest leaders of the era and beyond. There is a well known painting that depicts Socrates death. Weeping friends surround him as he moves to drink the cup of poisonous hemlock. The holder of the cup who is a servant also weeps on seeing what he was doing. The fact remains that Socrates was, is and will always be missed. Socrates discovered the truth regarding prejudices that are pushed on us by our own insecurities. This essay on Greek Philosopher Socrates was written and submitted by user Marvin E. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Egocentrism In Children

LAB REPORT- EGOCENTRISM IN CHILDREN: ‘COPS & ROBBERS STUFF’ ABSTRACT This report sought to examine whether a change in the response required -given that the materials utilized remained constant- would effect the degree of egocentrism exhibited by children within, either the pre-operational (3-5 years old) or concrete (9-11 years old) phases of cognitive development. This experiment was designed to correct or reinforce Piaget’s theory of conservation of matter, and used a modified version of Hughes police and robbers task. This was achieved by changing the response required from a straightforward verbal response to a visual response in which cue cards were applied. It was able then to be contrasted with Piaget’s 3 mountains task. The results given by the 507 subjects (228 male and 279 female) showed on average that egocentrism became more evident, particularly in pre-operational age bracket when asked to view the object (robber) form an opposite perspective rather than a similar one. Despite this however the experiment dispeled Piagetâ₠¬â„¢s theory by suggesting that not all pre-operational children are egocentric. Throughout this century scientists have pondered on the egocentric tendencies of humans and have tried to pinpoint its prenuptial foundations by examining cognitive development in children. Donaldson (19) defines egocentrism as: â€Å"a self-centered viewpoint†(p.17) and suggests that this failure to realize the world form another stance leads to lack of knowledge. Although Piaget (1932) -the forefather of modern cognitive psychology- established a theory to explain this condition of egocentrism in children, the experimental data which he used to support this; namely the 3 mountains task, was somewhat flawed. This was because, it suggested that children participants aged between two and seven; which he categorized in a stage labeled the pre-operational stage, were egocentric because they fai... Free Essays on Egocentrism In Children Free Essays on Egocentrism In Children LAB REPORT- EGOCENTRISM IN CHILDREN: ‘COPS & ROBBERS STUFF’ ABSTRACT This report sought to examine whether a change in the response required -given that the materials utilized remained constant- would effect the degree of egocentrism exhibited by children within, either the pre-operational (3-5 years old) or concrete (9-11 years old) phases of cognitive development. This experiment was designed to correct or reinforce Piaget’s theory of conservation of matter, and used a modified version of Hughes police and robbers task. This was achieved by changing the response required from a straightforward verbal response to a visual response in which cue cards were applied. It was able then to be contrasted with Piaget’s 3 mountains task. The results given by the 507 subjects (228 male and 279 female) showed on average that egocentrism became more evident, particularly in pre-operational age bracket when asked to view the object (robber) form an opposite perspective rather than a similar one. Despite this however the experiment dispeled Piagetâ₠¬â„¢s theory by suggesting that not all pre-operational children are egocentric. Throughout this century scientists have pondered on the egocentric tendencies of humans and have tried to pinpoint its prenuptial foundations by examining cognitive development in children. Donaldson (19) defines egocentrism as: â€Å"a self-centered viewpoint†(p.17) and suggests that this failure to realize the world form another stance leads to lack of knowledge. Although Piaget (1932) -the forefather of modern cognitive psychology- established a theory to explain this condition of egocentrism in children, the experimental data which he used to support this; namely the 3 mountains task, was somewhat flawed. This was because, it suggested that children participants aged between two and seven; which he categorized in a stage labeled the pre-operational stage, were egocentric because they fai...

Neurocysticercosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Neurocysticercosis - Essay Example The pig is an intermediate host, which harbors the larvae after ingesting the ova, while the ultimate hosts are humans. (Dhawan, 2007) Neurocysticercosis is caused by the intake of food contaminated with the waste products of a T. solium tapeworm carrier. The adult T. solium inhabits itself in the small intestine of humans, where it attaches itself to the intestinal wall by its suckers and hooks. A few pregnant proglottids are detached from the distal end of the body of the worm every day and passed with the feces; every proglottid contains thousands of eggs, which are fully embryonated, and resistant to all sorts of harsh environments and infective. (Etiopathogenesis of Neurocysticercosis, 2002) If pig products infected with the larvae are ingested, the intestines are subject to a tapeworm infection; when these eggs are ingested and subjected to gastric acid found inside the human stomach, their protective capsule is dissolved and the eggs turn into larval cysts, called oncospheres. Oncospheres travel through the vascular system to the brain, muscle, eyes, and other organs and body parts. The ingested ova develop into larvae (cysticerci) and lodge in soft tissues, especially skin, muscle, and brain. Cysticerci are fluid-filled oval cysts, approximately 1-2 cm in diameter, with an internal scolex. Once in the brain, the larval cysts (cysticerci) initially generate a minimal immune response and may remain in the brain as functional cysts for years. A live cyst can remain in there undetected for as long as 5 years before dying or causing symptoms in the host and cause minor inflammation in the tissue around it. (Christopher M. DeGiorgio, 2004) Finally, Neurologic symptoms by the cyst arise when it dies and the human mounts an associated inflammatory response. (Dhawan, 2007) The symptoms include: Seizures, which are severe involuntary movements of the body, headaches, states of confusion, lack of attention with people around and other things in the surrounding, difficulty with balance, Hydrocephalus or the swelling of the brain in which the cerebral ventricle dilate and lastly, sudden death as a cause of heavy infections. The Stages There are basically four stages of cysts within the parenchyma of the brain: vesicular, colloidal, nodular/granular, and calcified granulomas. In the first stage, the viable cyst larva is known as a vesicular cyst and has a minimum amount of activity which is because of little or no host immune response. As time passes the cyst degenerates, fluid from the larval cyst leaks into the parenchyma, creating a noticeable immune response. An enhancing cyst, without a proper scolex, is called a colloidal cyst. During the colloidal this phase, the parasite begins to demonstrate degenerative changes, the vesicular fluid takes on a gelatinous colloidal form, and the wall thickens. The CT scan shows an annular enhancement bounded by perilesional edema. Performing an MRI, the capsule displays a higher signal than the surrounding brain. As the cyst deteriorates more, it forms a nodule. In the nodular phase, the vesicle usually decreases in size, and its contents turn semisolid, and are slowly repl aced by granulomatous tissue. After the parasite dies, a mineralization process takes place that ends up in a calcified nodule that inhibits

Management Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management Development - Essay Example The field of human resource development is particularly related to organizational learning and transfer of learning, each of which is a significant objective. The last twenty years have yielded a large amount of research about which factors are key influential factors in the process of transfer of learning (Mailick, 1998, pp. 57-68). This has led to the practices of management training becoming highly popular over the past few decades, since its link to increasing aptitude and improved management practices for both middle managers and top managers. However, research (Mumford, 1994, pp. 20-33) shows that most of the substantial resources that companies are allocating to such management training will be wasted, since institutional learning and training hardly transfers into the organization’s workplace. For this reason, the programs have not had a significant impact yet, which leads researchers to further study into such features of human resource management (Ashton et al, 1975, pp. 1-9). The past few decades have been a misguiding era due to the conflicting management beliefs, findings, and practices in the global economy. While there is still much debate about the effectiveness, methodology, and validity of management development (Mumford, 2004, 71-84), companies are still investing millions in executive management education. This does not pertain only to academic training. The corporate training programs are innovatively designed to cater to several needs of the trainees, such as punctuality of delivery, profound information coverage and job relatedness. For this reason, these training sessions provide learning, which is presented in the context of an organizational workplace, administered at the appropriate time, and sized in small and effective doses, which are easy to comprehend. However, these programs have also failed to produce desired results of significant magnitude, which is why the true effectiveness of management development is still in quest ion. Discussion The operations of a business being international in the new global economy (ILO, 1998, pp. 10-28), further complicate the management and technique required for survival far beyond how they would be for a domestic firm. Research (Hill, 2007, pp. 28-51) shows how the strategy of the organization (what to do) is receiving more attention on an international scale than its own implementation (how to do it) or the training of international managers (the people who will do it). The shortage of qualified and capable international managers is a large reason why these companies cannot successfully practice such international strategies, even though the quantity of available research (Rothwell, 2006, pp. 66-79) on the IHRM policies that MNEs practice is insufficient to support this fact. This research is especially limited regarding international markets other than those of the west and their IHRM practices, thus constraining the validity of this discussion. One major criticism that the existing research (Garavan et al, 1999, pp. 191-207) on management development observes is that the core problems that affect the implementation of management have not received sufficient attention. This pertains especially to the academic perspective about management, which tends to restrict its scope particularly in the UK. This does not allow for room to

Harm Reduction and Abstinence Based Treatments

Harm Reduction and Abstinence Based Treatments This essay will be constructed into four parts, harm reduction, abstinence based reatments, substance misuse and recovery. There will be a discussion on the history of harm reduction and what harm reduction is in the substance misuse field, for example problematic or harmful behaviour that is caused to the individual or others either socially, psychologically, physically or legally brought on by substance misuse. Secondly an explanation on abstinence based treatments, what they are and what the relationship is between them and harm reduction. Thirdly referring to recovery and what it means in the substance misuse field and what the implications are for the service users. Last but not means least a discussion about the two different approaches and how it impacts on the service user. To conclude a summary of the main points will be made. (136 Harm reduction pilot schemes started back in the 1980s and were a response to reduce the risk associated with harm caused by alcohol problems and injecting drug use, in response to the HIV and AIDS prevention strategy. Harm reduction is a process and not a treatment and should be integrated with other forms of intervention, it reduces the negative consequences of drug use. It is about educating the individuals, carers, partners and family members about the risks involved with their drug use and helping them take responsibility and learn to accept it rather than to ignore it. Most harm reduction interventions are aimed at preventing diseases due to blood- borne viruses (BBV) as well as overdose and other drug related deaths (Tatarsky Marlatt 2010). Harm reduction services include needle exchange services methadone and buprenorphine programmes. Needle exchange provides services where the users have the opportunity to dispose of their old needles, syringes and spoons for example. Moreo ver they will also receive advice and support on safer injecting, reducing injecting and prevention of overdose, they will receive a pack which contains clean injecting equipment to take away, reducing the risk of them sharing equipment with others (NTA 2006). Substitute prescribing such as methadone and buprenorphine programmes, buprenorphine and methadone are licensed for use in opioid dependence where methadone is dispensed in liquid form and buprenorphine is administered by tablet form sublingually (Connock, Juarez-Garcia Jowett, et al 2007). (236) Abstinence based treatment Abstinence means refraining from an activity which is known to be harmful and addictive or reducing this activity with the ultimate goal of being abstinent (McKeganey et al 2006). Doing this involves not taking a particular substance, avoiding areas where this is likely to be on offer or adopting a healthier lifestyle. Abstaining can be difficult to do especially when the substance has been part of their life for so long, this is where the individual has to look at healthier ways to deal with their substance use. This can include a range of abstinence based treatments to help the individuals with alcohol or drug such as Non-drug interventions the twelve step programme (self help) and Psychosocial interventions such as motivational interviewing or CBT. The twelve step programme is a set of guiding principles outlining a course of action for recovery from addiction, compulsion, or other behavioural problems, it was originally proposed by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) as a method of recover y from alcoholism. Motivational Interviewing is usually offered to achieve and maintain abstinence, it was originally used with problem drinkers but has also been applied to the treatment of illicit drug misuse (Raistrick et al 2006). There are several Pharmacological interventions available to treat alcohol dependence which are disulfiram, acamprosate and naltrexone. These all work in different ways Disulfiram is used for individuals who wish to abstain altogether, if taken with alcohol it can cause some very unpleasant effects; vomiting, headache, palpitations and breathlessness. Acamprosate and naltrexone are an anti-craving drugs used in the maintenance of abstinence (SIGN 2003). However there is an increased risk of overdose or death due to a relapse after a period of abstinence as tolerance levels will have changed to that particular substance (REF). (288) Substance misuse Substance misuse is defined as the use of a substance for a purpose not consistent with legal or medical guidelines (WHO, 2006). It is a misuse of all psycho-active substances including illicit drugs, non-prescribed pharmaceutical preparations and alcohol misuse. People use substances because it makes them feel good, feel different and makes them more sociable. Using substances only becomes misuse when a problem arises such as it having a negative impact on health or functioning and may take the form of drug dependence causing problematic or harmful behaviour to the individual or others either socially, psychologically, physically or legally. (99) Recovery The Recovery Model as it applies to mental health is an approach to mental disorder or substance dependence that emphasises and supports each individuals potential for recovery. Recovery is seen within the model as a personal journey, that may involve developing hope, a secure base and sense of self, supportive relationships, empowerment, social inclusion, coping skills, and meaning. For someone who misuses substances recovery may not be about being totally abstinent it may simply mean still using drugs but in a safe way, for instance having clean works for injecting or substitute prescribing for opioid misuse. Recovery principles bring about the change in the way a service user thinks and aims to produce a change in behaviour, however before these changes can only happen if the person is ready to change, ambivalence may be experienced by the service user and this can affect motivation on a daily basis. Motivational interviewing techniques go hand in hand with the harm reduction mode l as one of the key factors with motivational interviewing is dealing with ambivalence. Prochaska and DiClemente 1983 provide a framework to understand the change process it was originally created to help understand what individuals go through in changing their behavior. it uses 5 principles, precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance (Hansen et al 2008). Service users with little or no motivation and who are not engaging in any attempts to change are seen as being in the pre-contemplation stage as they do not see their behaviour as a problem and there is no need to change it, this could be due to an attempt to change in the past without success and may feel demoralised so may become resistant to change. It is important to engage service users at this stage and build a trusting rapport so that in the future they will be able to turn to the practitioner for help. The contemplation stage is when a person acknowledges that they may have a problem and work towa rds developing motivation to change but could become ambivalent, engaging with the service user in discussion about their ambivalence is the goal at this stage getting them to think about what their problem is and how it is affecting them. Individuals in the preparation stage may want to change and have a plan but need help to do so, the reason individuals may seek treatment could be that their problem is having negative effects on life for example, criminality or job loss. The action stage comes next this is where the service user is actively setting goals to change and will be developing skills to do so, supporting the service user in making these goals achievable are key here, goals need to be small and achievable to the service user. In the maintenance stage the service user sustains changes in behaviour and works towards preventing relapse by identifying the supports around them, at this stage the service user may decide to make long term goals and problem solve how to best acc omplish them. Prochaska and DiClemente 1983 describe a sixth stage and it is the relapse stage the service user reverts to the behaviour they were trying to change, the practitioner should provide support for the individual in a non-judgemental way as they may be feeling ashamed and guilty for relapsing, re-evaluate the stage of change the individual is at explore the relapse episode trying to discover if the relapse was shorter or longer than previous relapses and were they able to reduce their use, this may be an opportunity for the service user and practitioner to work on other relapse prevention techniques. (Prochaska Diclemente 1983). However service users may move back and forth between the stages. This does not represent failure, but rather the nonlinear nature of the model. Recovery is about making the best out of their life and having quality of life and as nurses we should provide support and advice to achieve their goals (Network 26 2009). (660) Both the abstinence model and the harm reduction model have similar goals. The goal in this case is to create a better quality of life for the person receiving the service. Harm reduction approaches are often perceived to be the opposite of abstinence based approaches to drug use and sometimes even as condoning drug use. This is not the case, harm reduction complements abstinence based drug treatment approaches by providing Injecting drug users with the knowledge and tools to stay healthy and alive until they are able or willing to achieve abstinence. Abstinence remains the most effective way of reducing the negative consequences of drug use. For injecting drug users who are unable to remain abstinent, harm reduction measures such as methadone maintenance treatment and needle and syringe programs are ways to reduce negative consequences. For example the abstinence approach to caring for an individual who uses heroin and has HIV service users would find that they would be encouraged t o stop using heroin completely and to abstain from sex. While with the harm reduction programme the individual may be taught how to use heroin more safely i.e. clean needles and spoons and other paraphernalia or to substitute methadone for heroin and to practice safer sex. It can be argued that because abstinence based services were not providing HIV education and preventive tools such as condoms and syringes, individuals using these services would remain unaware of the risks of HIV and how to protect themselves from it. (247) Conclusion In conclusion, the integration of harm reduction and abstinence based treatment is more powerful than either model separately. The abstinence goal provides more room for the more abstract harm reduction work to occur. The accepting atmosphere of harm reduction with the addition of the clarity of the goal of abstinence promote patient retention better than either separately. The implications of this integration is that harm reduction can be more accepted and powerful in the public sector. It is important to look at the wider context of why people use drugs. Taking away a coping mechanism from a drug user may do more harm than good unless the core issues that led to drug use are dealt with in the first, hence the reason the motivational interviewing approach is more empowering for the service user (134

Assessment of a Study of Transformational Leadership Essay -- social i

Assessment of a study of the relationship between transformational leadership, empowerment and organizational commitment Introduction and Purpose of Study The implications of transformational leadership on a firm’s employees and the success of the firm overall are areas of ongoing research according to Ismail, Mohamed, Sulaiman, Mohamad, and Yusuf (2011). The authors make the case that in a changing global environment transformational leadership styles, rather than transactional styles, are a means organizations are using to meet their strategies (p. 90). They argue previous research suggests that some aspects of transformational leadership, such as empowerment, may motivate the followers to unite, change their own goals, and even look beyond their own self-interest to achieve the organization’s interest (p. 90). Thus, the use of a transformational style may impact employee outcomes, especially organizational commitment resulting in increased organizational performance. According to Ismail et al. (2011, p. 91), despite studies showing this important relationship, there is insufficient explanation of how and why transf ormational leadership affects organizational commitment. Their study begins to address the shortfall by studying the mediating effects of empowerment on the relationship between the variables Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment. The assessment presented here focuses on the sampling methodologies used by the authors and argues that potential weaknesses in the methodologies limits the conclusions to something less than that which is presented by Ismail et al. (2011, pp. 100-101). This paper will have three following sections. First, there is a methods section to discuss the author... ... approaches rely on random sampling to draw inferences. As the sample drawn from the population becomes less random, the results become skewed, and conclusions become limited and should be viewed with skepticism. Thus, the results reported by Ismail et al. (2011) must be viewed with skepticism. References Burns, R. B., & Burns, R. A. (2008). Business research methods and statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Girden, E. R., & Kabacoff, R. I. (2011). Evaluating research articles: From start to finish (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Ismail, A., Mohamed, H. A., Sulaiman, A. Z., Mohamad, M. H., & Yusuf, M. H. (2011). An empirical study of the relationship between transformational leadership, empowerment and organizational commitment. Business & Economics Research Journal, 2(1), 89-106. Retrieved from http://www.berjournal.com

China Communist Party

Communist Victory The victory of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) over the Nationalist faction in the Chinese Civil War was a direct result of numerous influences, both internal and external. However, three important reasons for the CCP’s victory can be attributed to the Japanese attack and occupation of China during World War II, the CCP’s treatment of the Chinese people, and the political failures of the nationalist forces. The combination of these historical events provided a situation that allowed the CCP to defy the odds and take over China.The Japanese invasion of China in 1937 was the setup for the eventual success of the CCP. Although it cost the CCP manpower and resources, the Japanese attack allowed for the formation of a political environment that favored the spread of the communist party. The Japanese help legitimize the CCP by singling it out as a special enemy and instructing the Japanese supported puppet government in the job of exterminating the communi sts in their jurisdictions. The phrase, â€Å"the enemy of my enemy is my friend† applies in this situation.After the mistreatment the Chinese population endured under Japanese occupation, it is easy to comprehend why the Chinese people would gravitate towards a group that was so despised by their main tormenter. The added attention that the CCP received from the Japanese occupiers showed the Chinese people that the CCP was a force to be reckoned with, and a possible threat to Japanese interests in China. This publicity put the CCP’s in the minds of the people as a counter to the Japanese. The Japanese invasion left a power vacuum for the CCP to fill.As the Japanese forces advanced, â€Å"the traditional ruling elite evacuated†¦ and left peasants to defend for themselves during the eight years of occupation. † This allowed for the CCP to move in to the areas without leadership and gave the CCP the opportunity to win over public support. The Japanese militar y expansion into the region forced the KMT forces out of the area, but as Japanese units left the area, the CCP moved in, taking the place of the KMT government. The invasion of China also changed how the peasants viewed China as a whole.Before the invasion, the people â€Å"were a passive element in politics†¦absorbed in local matters and only had the dimmest sense of ‘China’. † However, the Japanese invasion changed how many peasants saw their role in greater population, and focused more on issues like â€Å"national defense, citizenship, treason, legitimacy of government, and the long-range betterment of the Chinese state. † The Japanese attacks on the Chinese people motivated them into shifting their thinking. They now had to think about who was going to protect their lives and property.With both nationalist and communist factions fighting the Japanese army, the interactions of the people and anti-Japanese forces would influence on what side the p eople agreed. In Edgar Snow’s Red Star Over China, Snow shares his account of what he witnessed during his time in China reporting on the actions of the communist party. Snow noticed, â€Å"most of the peasants†¦seemed to support the communists and the Red Army†¦and when asked whether they preferred it to the old days, the answer was nearly always an emphatic ‘yes. † Snow provides detail about the policies that allowed the peasants to favor the new communist rule in their region, writing that, â€Å"the Reds gave land to the land-hungry peasants, †took land and livestock from the wealthy classes and redistributed them among the poor. † The CCP polices also allowed for upper classes to not lose everything but rather †both the landlord and the rich peasant were allowed as much land as they could till with their own labor. † Although some may question the total accuracy of Snow’s work, it cannot be disputed that the policies Snow refers to did indeed influence the people into supporting the communists.Another key point on how the CCP won over the peoples’ support is the rules and policies to which Mao’s followers were forced to adhere. Simple orders like do not steal, return what your borrow, replace what you break, and be courteous allowed the CCP to earn the loyalty of the Chinese people. The communists showed special effort in appealing to women, as they hoped to win over a group of people who were traditionally an oppressed class. Instead of using only force, this respectful behavior towards the people wooed them into the supporting the CCP. The CCP actively took the communist message to the people.The communist way was presented as an ideal society for the Chinese to thrive under, and offered hope to the masses. The CCP sent out propagandists and troupes of actors teaching and entertaining the people the new superior communist way. Nationalist feelings were also stirred by the CCP in the war against the Japanese, aiding in uniting the people under the organized communist resistance. The KMT also played a vital role in the eventual communist victory in main land China. Before the second Sino-Japanese War began in 1937, the KMT focused not on the growing Japanese threat, but instead the communist faction in China.The communist forces retreated, but were not entirely eliminated. This move left open the opportunity for the CCP to grow, adapt and eventually take on the nationalist forces again at a later time. The war with Japan highlighted the failures of the nationalist regime. Hsi Chi in his work Nationalist China at War states that the abuse of the people at the hands of the nationalists â€Å"made the government appear in the people’s eyes as symbol of oppression and exploitation, and provoked widespread disillusionment and alienation among the people.This attitude in relation to the government allowed for the CCP to have a better chance at persuading t he people to join the communist movement. This failure to gain the support of the people is seconded by a soldier in the nationalist army in a letter to America. The soldier, Rau Huang, writes, â€Å"In the early stages of our war against the communists, our government was negligent in not seeking the support of the masses†¦the communists did not neglect this opportunity†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The communist victory in the Chinese Civil War was a major moment in the 20th century.The communist had the fortune to have an environment that allowed their efforts to carry on despite being targeted by two other factions. A prolonged Japanese invasion permitted the CCP to move into regions and garner support from the people that may not have been available otherwise. Without a Japanese attack, a sense of nationalism may have been harder to produce from the populace. The party’s organization and methods to gain the support of the masses would prove vital in the victory as well, showing th e people a new future that could be achieved.The nationalist forces were defeated in part because they didn’t eliminate all the communists before the war with Japan, and their own disorganization and inability to gain support from the people proved to be too much to overcome. Certainly, these are not the only reasons why the CCP succeeded in taking control of China, but these elements each played their part in the puzzle that led to final victory of the Chinese Communist Party. Works Cited Babb, Geoff, â€Å"The Chinese Civil War† (presentation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, October 29, 2012). Chi, Hsi. Nationalist China at War: Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937-45.Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1982. Huang , Ray. â€Å"Letter From Nanking. † Military Review, December 1948. Johnson, Chalmers. Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power, etc. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1966. Snow, Edgar. Red Star over China. New York: Grove Press , 1968. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Johnson, Chalmers. Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power, etc. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1966), 32. [ 2 ]. Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power, 70. [ 3 ]. Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power, 69. [ 4 ].Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power, 69. [ 5 ]. Snow, Edgar. Red Star Over China. (New York: Grove Press, 1968), 222. [ 6 ]. Snow, Red Star Over China, 222. [ 7 ]. Snow, Red Star Over China, 222. [ 8 ]. Babb, Geoff, â€Å"The Chinese Civil War† (presentation, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, October 29, 2012). [ 9 ]. Babb, â€Å"The Chinese Civil War†. [ 10 ]. Babb, â€Å"The Chinese Civil War†. [ 11 ]. Chi, Hsi. Nationalist China at war: military defeats and political collapse, 1937-45. (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1982), 190. [ 12 ]. Huang , Ray. â€Å"Letter From Nanking. † Military Review, December 1948.

Understanding the Mind of Hamlet with His Soliloquies Essay

Understanding the Mind of Hamlet with His Soliloquies The term soliloquy is a literary or dramatic form of discourse, within which a character talks to himself and reveals his inner thoughts without addressing a listener. Hamlet uses soliloquies to express his feelings towards his dead father and self loathing to the reader of the play but to none of the characters within it. Hamlet has a complex character and it is important for the audience to be able to understand Hamlet’s feelings on the themes of the play without him having to explain them to another character. Hamlets three soliloquies are guide of how he is feeling at different points of the play. In the first line of Hamlet’s†¦show more content†¦Hamlet compares his Father to Claudius as ‘Hyperion to a satyr’ Using this imagery of Hyperion, a powerful sun god in contrast to a Satyr, a half-man creature Hamlet shows how strongly superior he feels his father was to Claudius. This emotive comparison shows Hamlets obvious mourning for his dead father, which is playing strongly on his mind as his mother is showing such little bereavement. Hamlets self-loathing is also apparent from the second and third soliloquies showing that this is playing on Hamlets mind through out the play. In the second soliloquy he describes himself as ‘coward†¦ pigeon-livered†¦ lacking gall.’ He blames himself for being so cowardly not being able to seek revenge for his father, in this speech Hamlet gets angry with himself, asking rhetorical questions such as ‘why, what an ass am I?’ From this second soliloquy it is apparent that Hamlet is very troubled by his incapability and self-loathing, he talks of actors on the stage and says ‘Had he the motive and the cue for passion that I have? 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